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Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of ZnTiO3/Polycarbazole (PCz) Composite Towards Toxic Azo Dye

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Abstract

The ZnTiO3 material was synthesized by sol–gel method with the assistance of ethanol as solvent. The oxidative polymerization method was used to synthesize polycarbazole (PCz). The ball milling technique was employed to synthesize the mechanically composited nanoparticles—ZnTiO3/PCz nanocomposite. The synthesized composites were analysed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), UV–Vis absorption spectrum (UV–Vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The degradation of crystal violet (CV) in water under visible-light irradiation was used to assess the photocatalytic behaviour of the synthesized catalyst. The result shows that the ZnTiO3/PCz composites exhibit greater photocatalytic activity than other materials. Polycarbazole in composite material acts as an electron reservoir, actively trapping the photogenerated electrons which considerably lowers the probability of recombination and increases the degrading effect of the catalyst.

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On reasonable request, the corresponding author will provide the entire datasets created during and/or analysed during the current work.

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Acknowledgements

The author Jeffery Joseph J acknowledges the Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar, College of Engineering, in the form of SSN JRA. The author Padmanaban Annamalai gratefully acknowledges to the ANID/FONDECYT Post-doctoral Project No. 3220176, Government of Chile, Santiago.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakam, Tamilnadu, 603110, India

    Jeffrey Joseph John Jeya Kamaraj, Lawrence Daniel Stephen Tamil & Senthil Pandian Muthu

  2. Clean Technologies Laboratory, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Padmanaban Annamalai & Hector Valdes

  3. Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Chennai, 600077, India

    Padmanaban Annamalai

  4. Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakam, Tamilnadu, 603110, India

    Senthil Pandian Muthu & Ramasamy Perumalsamy

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  1. Jeffrey Joseph John Jeya Kamaraj
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John Jeya Kamaraj, J., Annamalai, P., Stephen Tamil, L. et al. Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of ZnTiO3/Polycarbazole (PCz) Composite Towards Toxic Azo Dye. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 8143–8151 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07570-2

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