Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Wind gust and turbulence statistics of typhoons in South China

  • Published:
Acta Meteorologica Sinica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The wind data of four typhoons were obtained and analyzed. The wind speeds were measured by sonic anemometers at four observation sites in Guangdong and Hainan provinces. Detailed analysis of the wind data was conducted to investigate the turbulence characteristics of the typhoons. Characteristics of the gust factor and the turbulence integral scale of the typhoons were concluded with high confidence. The relationships among the gust factor, gust duration time, mean wind speed, roughness length, and turbulence intensity were described. The turbulence integral scale was found to be closely related to the segment length and turbulence intensity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beljaars, A. C. M., 1987: The measurement of gustiness at routine wind stations—A review. KNMI Scientific Rep., WR87-11, 5.

  • Brasseur, O., 2001: Development and application of a physical approach to estimating wind gusts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 5–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, S., Y. Tamura, N. Kikuchi, M. Saito, I. Nakayama, and Y. Matsuzaki, 2009: Wind characteristics of a strong typhoon. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod. 97(1), 11–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, E. C. C., 1983: Wind Loading in Hong Kong: Commentary on the Code of Practice on Wind Effects Hong Kong. Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, 23–26.

  • —, 1999: Extreme wind characteristics over Singapore-an area in the equatorial belt. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod, 83(1–3), 61–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, and F. A. Hidayat, 2002: Gust factors for thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm winds. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod. 90(12–15), 1683–1696.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, F., and H. Newstein, 1968: The variation of gust factors with mean wind speed and with height. J. Appl. Meteor., 7, 372–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faber, S. E., and G. J. Bell, 1963: Typhoons in Hong Kong and building design. The Engineering Society of Hong Kong, 28 pp.

  • Flay, R. G. J., and D. C. Stevenson, 1988: Integral length scales in strong winds below 20 m. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 28, 21–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Floris, C., and L. D. Iseppi, 1998: The peak factor for gust loading: A review and some new proposals. Meccanica, 33(3), 319–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, J. Y., Q. S. Li, J. R. Wu, Y. Q. Xiao, and L. L. Song, 2008: Field measurements of boundary layer wind characteristics and wind-induced responses of super-tall buildings. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(8–9), 1332–1358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garg, R. K., J. X. Lou, and M. Kasperski, 1997: Some features of modeling spectral characteristics of flow in boundary layer wind tunnels. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 72, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goyette, S., O. Brasseur, and M. Beniston, 2003: Application of a new wind gust parameterization: Multiscale case studies performed with the Canadian regional climate model. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 4374, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harikrishna, P., J. Shanmugasundaram, S. Gomathinayagam, and N. Lakshmanan, 1999: Analytical and experimental studies on the gust response of a 52-m tall steel lattice tower under wind loading. Comput. Struct., 70(2), 149–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harstveit, K., 1996: Full scale measurements of gust factors and turbulence intensity, and their relations in hilly terrain. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 61(2–3), 195–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Højstrup, J., 1993: A statistical data screening procedure. Meas. Sci. Technol., 4(2), 153–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, S. A., 2003: Estimating overwater friction velocity and exponent of power-law wind profile from gust factor during storms. J. Waterw. Port. C-asce., 129(4), 174–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, and B. W. Blanchard, 2004: Estimating overwater turbulence intensity from routine gust-factor measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 43(12), 1911–1916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hui, M. C. H., A. Larsen, and H. F. Xiang, 2009: Wind turbulence characteristics study at the Stonecutters Bridge site. Part I: Mean wind and turbulence intensities. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 97(1), 22–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, X. P., Z. Zhong, and C. X. Liu, 2008: The effect of typhoon-induced SST cooling on typhoon intensity: The case of Typhoon Chanchu (2006). Adv. Atmos. Sci., 25(5), 1062–1072, doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-1062-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, H. K., J. Højstrup, H. J. Vested, and S. E. Larsen, 1998: On the dependence of sea surface roughness on wind waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28(9), 1702–1716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jungo, P., S. Goyette, and M. Beniston, 2002: Daily wind gust speed probabilities over Switzerland according to three types of synoptic circulation. Int. J. Climatol., 22(4), 485–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, N., T. Ohkuma, J. R. Kim, H. Marukawa, and Y. Niihori, 1992: Full scale measurement of wind velocity in two urban areas using an ultrasonic anemometer. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 41(1–3), 67–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krayer, W. R., and R. D. Marshall, 1992: Gust factors applied to hurricane winds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 613–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, H., A. Hatanaka, and T. Ueda, 1994: Active simulation of time histories of strong wind gust in a wind-tunnel. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 53(3), 315–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Letchford, C., A. Gardner, R. Howard, and J. Schroeder, 2001: A comparison of wind prediction models for transitional flow regimes using full-scale hurricane data. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 89(10), 925–945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Qingqing, Duan Yihong, Fu Gang, and Yu Hui, 2009: A numerical investigation of the eyewall evolution of a tropical cyclone. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 23(5), 517–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Q. S., Y. Q. Xiao, C. K. Wong, and A. P. Jeary, 2004: Field measurements of typhoon effects on a super tall building. Eng. Struct., 26(2), 233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S. H., F. Hu, H. Liu, et al., 2003: Turbulence length scales, dissipation rates and structure parameters above the forest canopy. Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis, 39, 73–82. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ming, J., Y. Q. Ni, and X. Y. Shen, 2009: The dynamical characteristics and wave structure of Typhoon Rananim (2004). Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26(3), 523–542, doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0523-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsuta, Y., 1962: Gust factor and analysis time of gust. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 40, 242–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • — and O. Tsukamoto, 1989: Studies on spatial structure of wind gust. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 1155–1160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyata, T., H. Yamada, H. Katsuchi, and M. Kitagawa, 2002: Full-scale measurement of Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge during typhoon. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90(12–15), 1517–1527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, N. W., and C. Petersen, 2001: Calculation of wind gusts in DMI-HIRLAM. Danish Meteorological Institute Scientific Report, No. 01-03, 38.

  • Paulsen, B. M., and J. L. Schroeder, 2005: An examination of tropical and extratropical gust factors and the associated wind speed histograms. J. Appl. Meteor., 44(2), 270–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, M. D., 1982: The transition of the Hurricane Frederic boundary-layer wind field from the open Gulf of Mexico to landfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110(12), 1912–1932.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, D. A., and R. H. Scanlan, 1984: Autoregressive representation of longitudinal, lateral, and vertical turbulence spectral. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 17, 199–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, J. L., D. A. Smith, and R. E. Peterson, 1998: Variation of turbulence intensities and integral scales during the passage of a hurricane. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 77, 65–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, M. R. Conder, and J. R. Howard, 2002: Additional Insights into Hurricane Gust Factors. 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, San Diego, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.25.

  • —, and D. A. Smith, 2003: Hurricane Bonnie wind flow characteristics as determined from WEMITE. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(6), 767–789.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, R. N., and P. J. Richards, 1999: A reexamination of the characteristics of tropical cyclone winds. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 83(1–3), 21–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiau, B. S., 2000: Velocity spectra and turbulence statistics at the northeastern coast of Taiwan under highwind conditions. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 88(2–3), 139–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smedman, A. S., H. Bergström, and U Högström, 1995: Spectra, variances and length scales in a marine stable boundary layer dominated by a low level jet. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 76(3), 211–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sozzi, R., M. Favaron, and T. Georgiadis, 1998: Method for estimation of surface roughness and similarity function of wind speed vertical profile. J. Appl. Meteor., 37(5), 461–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers, D., and L. Mahrt, 1997: Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 14(3), 512–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, P. J., and P. F. Skerlj, 2005: Hurricane gust factors revisited. J. Struct. Eng-ASCE, 131(5), 825–832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wieringa, J., 1976: An objective exposure correction method for average wind speeds measured at a sheltered location. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 241–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wieringa, J., 1992: Updating the Davenport roughness classification. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 41(1–3), 357–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y. L., and S. Zhan, 2001: Field measurements of Di Wang Tower during Typhoon York. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerod., 89(1), 73–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, B., A. G. Chowdhury, and F. J. Masters, 2008: Hurricane wind power spectra, cospectra, and integral length scales. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 129(3), 411–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan Jinnan, Lin Ailan, and Liu Chunxia, 2009: Spatial and temporal variations of tropical cyclones at different intensity scales over the western North Pacific from 1945 to 2005. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 23(5), 550–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., J. Chen, and S. U. Park, 2001: Turbulence structure in unstable conditions over various surfaces. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 100(2), 243–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Yu, Cui Xiaopeng, and Wang Jianguo, 2009: A study on a heavy rainfall event triggered by an inverted typhoon trough in Shandong Province. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 23(4), 465–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, M. Y., H. Hsu, and Y. Yuan, 2003: Mesoscale numerical simulation of the developing process of cyclones moving to the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Chinese J. Geophys., 46, 175–178. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Binglan Wang  (王丙兰), Fei Hu  (胡 非) & Xueling Cheng  (程雪玲)

  2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Binglan Wang  (王丙兰)

Authors
  1. Binglan Wang  (王丙兰)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fei Hu  (胡 非)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xueling Cheng  (程雪玲)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fei Hu  (胡 非).

Additional information

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 90715031, 40775018, and 40875008, and the National Science & Technology Pillar Program under Grant No. 2008BAC37B00.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, B., Hu, F. & Cheng, X. Wind gust and turbulence statistics of typhoons in South China. Acta Meteorol Sin 25, 113–127 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-011-0009-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-011-0009-8

Key words

Search

Navigation