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Cancer stem cells and therapeutic targets: an emerging field for cancer treatment

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Abstract

Recent paradigm in the field of cancer defines its origin from a small population of fast-growing cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), and they are mainly responsible for disease aggressiveness, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. The existence of CSCs has been proven in different types of cancer and possesses characteristic expression of a wide array of cell surface markers specific to the type of cancer. CSCs have been isolated and enriched using several surface markers in different cancer types. Self-renewal, drug resistance, and the ability to transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype are the major features attributed to this fraction of mutated stem cells. The CSC hypothesis proposes that these CSCs mimic stem cells by sharing similar pathways, such as Wnt, SHH, Notch, and others. Further, the niche, which in this case is the tumor microenvironment, plays a very important role in the maintenance of CSCs. Altogether, this emerging field of research on CSCs is expected to unveil answers to the most difficult issues of one of the most dreadful diseases called cancer.

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Acknowledgments

The authors on this article were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RO1 CA138791, EDRN UO1CA111294, SPORE P50CA127297, and TMEN U54CA163120). The authors acknowledge the invaluable support from Mrs. Kavita Mallya.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA

    Arokia Priyanka Vaz, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy & Surinder K. Batra

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA

    Surinder K. Batra

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  1. Arokia Priyanka Vaz
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Vaz, A.P., Ponnusamy, M.P. & Batra, S.K. Cancer stem cells and therapeutic targets: an emerging field for cancer treatment. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 3, 113–120 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-012-0095-x

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