Skip to main content
Log in

Comparison of Pile–Soil–Structure Interaction Modeling Techniques for A 10-MW Large-Scale Monopile Wind Turbine Model Under Wind and Wave Conditions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
China Ocean Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Considering the large diameter effect of piles, the influence of different pile–soil analysis methods on the design of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines has become an urgent problem to be solved. Three different pile–soil models were used to study a large 10 MW monopile wind turbine. By modeling the three models in the SACS software, this paper analyzed the motion response of the overall structure under the conditions of wind and waves. According to the given working conditions, this paper concludes that under the condition of independent wind, the average value of the tower top x-displacement of the rigid connection method is the smallest, and the standard deviation is the smallest under the condition of independent wave. The results obtained by the p–y curve method are the most conservative.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Abhinav, K.A. and Saha, N., 2017. Dynamic analysis of monopile supported offshore wind turbines, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering, 170(5), 428–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alkhoury, P., Soubra, A.H., Rey, V. and Aït-Ahmed, M., 2021. A full three-dimensional model for the estimation of the natural frequencies of an offshore wind turbine in sand, Wind Energy, 24(7), 699–719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Petroleum Institute (API), 2016. Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries-Specific Requirements for Offshore Structures. Part 4—hnical and Foundation Design Considerations, ISO 19901-4: 2016, ISO.

  • Bazeos, N., Hatzigeorgiou, G.D., Hondros, I.D., Karamaneas, H., Karabalis, D.L. and Beskos, D.E., 2002. Static, seismic and stability analyses of a prototype wind turbine steel tower, Engineering Structures, 24(8), 1015–1025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bir, G. and Jonkman, J., 2008. Modal dynamics of large wind turbines with different support structures, ASME 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Estoril, Portugal, pp. 669–679.

  • Bortolotti, P., Tarres, H.C., Dykes, K.L., Merz, K., Sethuraman, L., Verelst, D. and Zahle, F., 2019. IEA Wind TCP Task 37: Systems Engineering in Wind Energy-WP2.1 Reference Wind Turbines, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D.A. and Shie, C.F., 1990. Three dimensional finite element model of laterally loaded piles, Computers and Geotechnics, 10(1), 59–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, H.Q., Bai, X., Ma, X.D., Yin, Q. and Yang, X.Y., 2022. Numerical simulation of icing on Nrel 5-MW reference offshore wind turbine blades under different icing conditions, China Ocean Engineering, 36(5), 767–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choo, Y.W., Kim, D., Park, J.H., Kwak, K., Kim, J.H. and Kim, D.S., 2014. Lateral response of large-diameter monopiles for offshore wind turbines from centrifuge model tests, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 37(1), 107–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), 2021. Global Wind Report 2021. Global Wind Energy Council, Brussels.

  • Ji, C., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, Q.H., Li, M.X. and Chen, T.Q., 2018. Experimental investigation of local scour around a new pile-group foundation for offshore wind turbines in bi-directional current, China Ocean Engineering, 32(6), 737–745.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kouda, M., Okamoto, M., Takemura, J., Kusakabe, O. and Kimura, T., 1998. Direct measurement of p–y relationships of piles in sand, Proc. Int. Conf. Centrifuge 98, Rotterdam: Balkema A.A., 551–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavassas, I., Nikolaidis, G., Zervas, P., Efthimiou, E., Doudoumis, I.N. and Baniotopoulos, C.C., 2003. Analysis and design of the prototype of a steel 1-MW wind turbine tower, Engineering Structures, 25(8), 1097–1106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Løken, I.B. and Kaynia, A.M., 2019. Effect of foundation type and modelling on dynamic response and fatigue of offshore wind turbines, Wind Energy, 22(12), 1667–1683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matlock, H., 1970. Correlation for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay, Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA.

  • McVay, M.C. and Niraula, L., 2004. Development of P-Y Curves for Large Diameter Piles/Drilled Shafts in Limestone for FBPIER, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Msigwa, G., Ighalo, J.O. and Yap, P.S., 2022. Considerations on environmental, economic, and energy impacts of wind energy generation: Projections towards sustainability initiatives, Science of the Total Environment, 849, 157755.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reese, L.C., Cox, W.R. and Koop, F.D., 1975. Field testing and analysis of laterally loaded piles om stiff clay, Proceedings of the 7th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, USA.

  • Ren, Z.R., Zhen, X.W., Jiang, Z.Y., Gao, Z., Li, Y. and Shi, W., 2023. Underactuated control and analysis of single blade installation using a jackup installation vessel and active tugger line force control, Marine Structures, 88, 103338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez, S., López-Gutiérrez, J.S., Negro, V. and Esteban, M.D., 2019. Foundations in offshore wind farms: Evolution, characteristics and range of use. Analysis of main dimensional parameters in monopile foundations, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(12), 441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, W., Zeng, X.M., Feng, X.Y., Shao, Y.L. and Li, X., 2023. Numerical study of higher-harmonic wave loads and runup on monopiles with and without ice-breaking cones based on a phase-inversion method, Ocean Engineering, 267, 113221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivasithamparam, N., Misund, B., Page, A. and Løkke, A., 2020. Implementation of REDWIN models in OC6, NGI Technical Note, Doc.20190610-01-TN.

  • Vázquez, K., Rodríguez, R.R. and Esteban, M.D., 2022. Inventory proposal for monopiles in offshore wind farms, Ocean Engineering, 247, 110741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velarde, J. and Bachynski, E.E., 2017. Design and fatigue analysis of monopile foundations to support the DTU 10 MW offshore wind turbine, Energy Procedia, 137, 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velarde, J., Vanem, E., Kramhoft, C. and Sorensen, J.D., 2019. Probabilistic analysis of offshore wind turbines under extreme resonant response: Application of environmental contour method, Appiied Ocean Research, 93, 101947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winckler, E., 1867. Die Lehre Von Elastizitat Und Festigkeit, Prague, 182p. (in German)

  • Zaaijer, M.B., 2006. Foundation modelling to assess dynamic behaviour of offshore wind turbines, Applied Ocean Research, 28(1), 45–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, X.M., Shi, W., Feng, X.Y., Shao, Y.L. and Li, X., 2023. Investigation of higher-harmonic wave loads and low-frequency resonance response of floating offshore wind turbine under extreme wave groups, Marine Structures, 89, 103401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L.X., Shi, W., Zeng, Y.X., Michailides, C., Zheng, S.M. and Li, Y., 2023. Experimental investigation on the hydrodynamic effects of heave plates used in floating offshore wind turbines, Ocean Engineering, 267, 113103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Shi, W., Li, D.S., Li, X., Duan, Y.F. and Verma, A.S., 2022. A novel framework for modeling floating offshore wind turbines based on the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) method, Ocean Engineering, 262, 112221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Shi.

Additional information

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Foundation item

This research was financially supported by the Open Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Hydropower Development (Grant No. PKLHD202003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52071058 and 51939002), the National Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 2022-KF-18-01), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University (Grant No. DUT20ZD219).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zeng, Yx., Zhang, Xm., Zhang, Lx. et al. Comparison of Pile–Soil–Structure Interaction Modeling Techniques for A 10-MW Large-Scale Monopile Wind Turbine Model Under Wind and Wave Conditions. China Ocean Eng 37, 471–483 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-023-0039-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-023-0039-x

Key words

Navigation