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Wheat cultivar susceptibility to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and influence on Pseudomonas fluorescence numbers in the rhizosphere

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Abstract

Yields from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown in natural soils and soils inoculated with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), the fungus causing take-all, were obtained in separate second-year wheat fields over three successive growing seasons in Canterbury, New Zealand. Cultivars ‘Empress’, ‘Oakley’, ‘Phoenix’ and ‘Sage’ were compared with the standard, ‘Wakanui’, over three seasons, ‘Conquest’, ‘Consort’, ‘Einstein’ and ‘Starfire’ over three seasons, and ‘Raffles’, ‘Savannah’ and ‘Torch’ in one season. Root take-all severity averaged 44 % in Ggt-inoculated soils compared with 20 % in natural soils. Adding Ggt inoculum to soil at sowing decreased mean grain yields for all cultivars by 0.78 t ha−1 (9.5 %). ‘Starfire’ had the greatest yield (9.36 t ha−1) and ‘Consort’ the least (6.51 t ha−1) compared to ‘Wakanui’ at 8.24 t/ha. No cultivar exhibited resistance to take-all, but the variation in tolerance provided growers with management options. ‘Empress’, ‘Starfire’ and ‘Raffles’ produced high yields in soils initially containing large amounts of Ggt inoculum, and would be suitable as second year wheat crops where the risk of take-all is high. Soils sown with ‘Starfire’, ‘Oakley’ or ‘Sage’ resulted in the least build-up of inoculum after harvest, so these cultivars would be suitable as first-year wheat and less likely to induce Ggt inoculum in soil for subsequent wheat crops. The numbers of Pseudomonas fluorescens on wheat roots appeared not to be associated with any cultivar. Only in the first growing season were high numbers of these bacteria associated with high Ggt inoculum, which is a prelude to take-all decline.

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Acknowledgments

We thank farmers Colin Hurst, and Brent and Barry Austin for supply of trial sites; staff of the Foundation for Arable Research and M. O’Hara of New Zealand Arable for cultivar selection, sowing, maintenance and harvesting of the field trials; Plant & Food Research staff Sandi Keenan for advice on molecular diagnostics of Ggt; Dr. Andy Pitman and Prof. Richard Falloon for review of the manuscript. This research was funded by a Ministry of Science and Innovation contract (LINX0804 – Ecosystems Bioprotection) and The Foundation of Arable Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    R. F. van Toor, S. Chng, R. M. Warren & R. C. Butler

  2. Royal Horticultural Society Garden, Wisley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6QB, UK

    M. G. Cromey

  3. Foundation for Arable Research, PO Box 23133, Templeton, Christchurch, 8445, New Zealand

    R. A. Craigie

  4. New Zealand Arable, PO Box 16101, Christchurch, 8441, New Zealand

    B. L. McCloy

Authors
  1. R. F. van Toor
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  2. S. Chng
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  3. R. M. Warren
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  4. R. C. Butler
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  5. M. G. Cromey
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  6. R. A. Craigie
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  7. B. L. McCloy
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Correspondence to R. F. van Toor.

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van Toor, R.F., Chng, S., Warren, R.M. et al. Wheat cultivar susceptibility to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and influence on Pseudomonas fluorescence numbers in the rhizosphere. Australasian Plant Pathol. 45, 595–607 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-016-0444-1

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