Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

What is New in Management of Pediatric Tuberculosis ?

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Indian Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Tuberculosis continues to haunt mankind since its discovery more than a century ago. Although commendable advancements have been made in the diagnosis as well as treatment, especially in the last couple of decades, the healthcare burden of this disease worldwide is immense. Continuously evolving medical science has provided recent changes in national guidelines along with discovery of newer antitubercular drugs after many decades. In view of WHO declaring tuberculosis as a global health emergency and strong commitment being reflected by Government of India whereby National Strategic Plan aims to eliminate tuberculosis by 2025, it is high time that we work collectively on the goal of tuberculosis elimination. This article sums up the updates on newer anti-tubercular drugs as well as the recent changes adopted in Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. World Health Organization: Global tuberculosis report 2016. Available from: Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/. Accessed June 2, 2017.

  2. TB India 2016: Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme 2016, Annual Status Report. Available from: http://www. tbcindia.nic.in Accessed June 2, 2017.

  3. Smith SE, Pratt R, Trieu L, Barry PM, Thai DT, Ahuja SD, et al. Epidemiology of pediatric MDR tuberculosis in the United States, 1993–2004. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;16: 1437–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Yadav S, Rawal G. Primary Extrapulmonary Multidrug resistant tuberculosis in an immunocompetent child presenting with pleural effusion. Transl Pediatr. 2017;6:72–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Working group on new TB Drugs. Clinical Pipe line. Available from: http://www.newtbdrugs.org/pipeline/clinical /. Accessed December 25, 2017.

  6. Lienhardt C, Vernon A, Raviglione MC. New drugs and new regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis: review of the drug development pipeline and implications for national programmes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010;16:186–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Milstein M, Lecca L, Peloquin C, Mitchison D, Seung K, Pagano M, et al. Evaluation of high–dose rifampin in patients with new, smear–positive tuberculosis (HIRIF): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:453.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Peloquin CA, Velasquez GE, Lecca L, Calderon RI, Coit J, Milstein M, et al. Pharmacokinetic evidence from the HIRIF trial to support increased doses of rifampin for tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;25;61. pii:e00038–17.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Boeree MJ, Heinrich N, Aarnoutse R, Diacon AH, Dawson R, Rehal S, et al. High–dose rifampicin, moxifloxacin, and SQ109 for treating tuberculosis: A multi–arm, multi–stage randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:39–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Horne DJ, Spitters C, Narita M. Experience with rifabutin replacing rifampin in the treatment of tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15:1485–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Moultrie H, Mcllleron H, Sawry S, Kellerman T, Weisner L, Kindra G, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of rifabutin in young HIV infected children receiving rifabutin and lopinavir/ritonavir. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:543–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sterling TR, Villarino ME, Borisov AS, Shang N, Gordin F, Bliven–Sizemore E, et al. Three months of rifapentine and isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2155–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Weiner M, Savic R M, Kenzie W R, Wing D, Peloquin CA, Engle M, et al. Rifapentine pharmacokinetics and tolerability in children and adults treated once weekly with rifapentine and isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2014;3:132–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Thee S, Garcia–Prats AJ, Donald PR, Hesseling AC, Schaff HS. Fluroquinolones for the treatment of tuberculosis in children. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2015;95:229–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gillespie SH, Crook AM, McHugh TD, Mendel CM, Meredith SK, Murray SR, et al. Four–month moxifloxacin–based regimens for drug–sensitive tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1577–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Mohan A, Kumar DP, Harikrishna J. Newer anti–TB drugs and drug delivery systems. Medicine update. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (for The Association of Physicians of India). 2013:388–92.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lee M, Lee J, Carroll MW, Choi H, Min S, Song T, et al. Linezolid for treatment of chronic extensively drugresistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1508–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tang S, Yao L, Hao X, Zhang X, Liu G, Liu X, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid for the treatment of XDR–TB: a study in China. Eur Respir J. 2015;45:161–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang X, Falagas ME, Vardakas KZ, Wang R, Qin R, Wang J, et al. Systematic review and meta–analysis of the efficacy and safety of therapy with linezolid containing regimens in the treatment of multidrug–resistant and extensively drug–resistant tuberculosis. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7:603–15.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. D’Ambrosio L, Centis R, Sotgiu G, Pontali E, Spanevello A, Migliori GB. New anti–tuberculosis drugs and regimens: 2015 update. ERJ Open Res. 2015;1:00010–2015.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Gonzalo X, Drobniewski F. Is there a place for â–lactams in the treatment of multidrug–resistant/extensively drug resistant tuberculosis? Synergy between meropenem and amoxicillin/clavulanate. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68: 366–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Dooley KE, Obuku EA, Durakovic N, Belitsky V, Mitnick C, Nuermberger EL, and on behalf of the Efficacy Subgroup, RESIST–TB. World Health Organization group 5 drugs for the treatment of drug–resistant tuberculosis: unclear efficacy or untapped potential? J Infect Dis. 2013;207:1352–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. World Health Organization. The use of bedaquiline in the treatment of multidrug–resistant tuberculosis: interim policy guidance. WHO; 2013. Available from: http://www.who.int/en/. Accessed September 6, 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Guidelines for use of bedaquiline in RNTCP PMDT India. Available from: http://www.tbcindia.nic.in. Accessed August 30, 2017.

  25. Achar J, Hewison C, Cavalheiro AP, Skrahina A, Cajazeiro J, Nargiza P, et al. Off–Label Use of Bedaquiline in Children and Adolescents with Multidrug–Resistant Tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23:1711–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Pontali E, D’Ambrosio L, Centis R, Sotgiu G, Migliori GB. Multidrug–resistant tuberculosis and beyond: an updated analysis of the current evidence on bedaquiline. Eur Respir J. 2017;22;49.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Xavier AS, Lakshmanan M. Delamanid: A new armor in combating drug–resistant tuerculosis. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2014;5:222–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Diacon AH, Dawson R, Hanekom M, Narunsky K, Maritz SJ, Venter A, et al. Early bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of PA–824 in smear–positive tuberculosis patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:3402–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. World Health Organization. The Use of Delamanid in the Treatment of Multidrug–Resistant Tuberculosis: Interim Policy Guidance. WHO; 2013. Available from http://www.who.int/en/. Accessed September 6, 2017.

  30. Gupta R, Geiter LJ, Wells CD, Gao M, Cirule A, Xiao H. Delamanid for extensively drug resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:291–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. World Health Organization: The use of delamanid in the treatment of multidrug–resistant tuberculosis in children and adolescents: interim policy guidance. World Health Organization; 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/en/. Accessed April 15, 2018.

  32. Chen P, Gearhart J, Protopopova M, Einck L, Nacy CA. Synergistic interactions of SQ109, a new ethylene diamine, with front–line antitubercular drugs in vitro. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:332–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Nikonenko BV, Protopopova M, Samala R, Einck L, Nacy CA. Drug therapy of experimental tuberculosis (TB): improved outcome by combining SQ109, a new diamine antibiotic, with existing TB drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1563–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Arora S. Eradication of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in 2 months with LL3858: a preclinical study. Int J Tubercl Lung Dis. 2004;8:S29.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lechartier B, Hartkoorn RC, Cole ST. In vitro combination studies of benzothiazinone lead compound BTZ043 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:5790–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Sotgiu G, Tiberi S, Centis R, D’Ambrosio L, Fuentes Z, Zumla A, et al. Int J Infect Dis. 2017; 56:190–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Revised National TB Control Programme: Technical and Operational Guideline for Tuberculosis Control in India 2016. Available from: http://www.tbcindia.gov.in. Accessed April 10, 2018.

  38. Chaudhari AD. Recent changes in technical and operational guidelines for tuberculosis control programme in India–2016: A paradigm shift in tuberculosis control. J Assoc Chest Physicians. 2017;5:1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhang Y. Persistent and dormant tubercle bacilli and latent tuberculosis. Front Biosci. 2004;9:1136–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ginsberg AM, Spigelman M. Challenges in tuberculosis drug research and development. Nat Med. 2007;13:290–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lienhardt C, Vernon A, Raviglione MC. New drugs and new regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis: review of the drug development pipeline and implications for national programmes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010;16:186–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Alkesh Kumar Khurana

  2. Departments of Pediatrics, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Bhavna Dhingra

Authors
  1. Alkesh Kumar Khurana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bhavna Dhingra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bhavna Dhingra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khurana, A.K., Dhingra, B. What is New in Management of Pediatric Tuberculosis ?. Indian Pediatr 56, 213–220 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-019-1503-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-019-1503-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation