Abstract
The imperfections in Double Layer Grid Space Structure (DLGSS) threaten the safety of designs. The imperfections in the member length of DLGSS may result from human-based causes such as manual cuts, tolerance sensitivity in CNC cuttings and variation in temperature. Therefore, analyzing the impacts of imperfections is vital to ensure the safety of DLGSS systems. Thus, a safe design of DLGSS against member length imperfections is the main focus of this paper. A novel and practical safe design approach, which considers member length imperfections, has been proposed based on linear elastic and probabilistic analyses methods. The impacts of member length imperfections on the DLGSS behavior were also evaluated in detail. Variation in positions of imperfect members, initial size of length imperfections (longer or shorter than the ideal size) and number of imperfect members were selected as the parameters to be analyzed. A 3D computer program, which considers the initial length imperfections of members, has been codded to analyze the space trusses. The impact of imperfection on a space structure was investigated by repeating the simulations for stochastic dispersion of imperfect member position and initial member length imperfection. The results revealed that initial length imperfection might have a considerable impact on the DLGSS behavior. The DLGSS systems can safely be designed by employing the proposed design approach to overcome the defined imperfections.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Błazik-Borowa, E., & Gontarz, J. (2016). The Influence of the Dimension and Configuration of Geometric Imperfections on the Static Strength of a Typical Façade Scaffolding. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 16(3), 269–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACME.2015.11.003.
Davoodi, M. R., Amiri, J. V., Gholampour, S., & Mostafavian, S. A. (2012). Determination of Nonlinear Behavior of a Ball Joint System by Model Updating”. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 71, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCSR.2011.11.011.
El-Sheikh, A. I. (1995a). Sensitivity of Space Trusses to Member Geometric Imperfections. International Journal of Space Structures, 10(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/026635119501000202.
El-Sheikh, A. (1997). Effect of Member Length Imperfections on Triple-Layer Space Trusses. Engineering Structures, 19(7), 540–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(96)00120-4.
El-Sheikh, A. (2000). New Space Truss System—from Concept to Implementation. Engineering Structures, 22(9), 1070–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(99)00051-6.
Fu, F., & Parke, G. A. R. (2018). Assessment of the Progressive Collapse Resistance of Double-Layer Grid Space Structures Using Implicit and Explicit Methods. International Journal of Steel Structures, 18(3), 831–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-018-0030-1.
Gordini, M., Habibi, M. R., Tavana, M. H., TahamouliRoudsari, M., & Amiri, M. (2018). Reliability Analysis of Space Structures Using Monte-Carlo Simulation Method. Structures, 14(June), 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISTRUC.2018.03.011.
Hibbeler, R. C. (2015). Structural Analysis. 9 th Editi. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Karpov, E. G., Stephen, N. G., & Liu, W. K. (2003). Initial Tension in Randomly Disordered Periodic Lattices. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40(20), 5371–5388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00290-7.
Kato, S., Mutoh, I., & Shomura, M. (1998). Collapse of Semi-Rigidly Jointed Reticulated Domes with Initial Geometric Imperfections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 48(2–3), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(98)00199-0.
Li, H., & Taniguchi, Y. (2019). Load-Carrying Capacity of Semi-Rigid Double-Layer Grid Structures with Initial Crookedness of Member. Engineering Structures, 184, 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENGSTRUCT.2019.01.094.
Makowski, Z. S. (1981). Analysis, Design and Construction of Double-Layer Grids. New York, New York: Wiley.
Murtha-Smith, E. (1988). Alternate Path Analysis of Space Trusses for Progressive Collapse. Journal of Structural Engineering, 114(9), 1978–1999. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:9(1978).
Murtha-Smith, E., Hwang, S.-H., & Bean, J. E. (1992). Load Transfer in a Space Frame Connection. International Journal of Space Structures, 7(3), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/026635119200700302.
Roudsari, M. T., & Gordini, M. (2015). Random Imperfection Effect on Reliability of Space Structures with Different Supports. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 55(3), 461–472.
Schmidt, L., Morgan, P., & Hanaor, A. (1982). Ultimate Load Testing of Space Trusses. Journal of the Structural Division, 108(6), 1324–1335.
Sheidaii, M. R., & Gordini, M. (2015). Effect of Random Distribution of Member Length Imperfection on Collapse Behavior and Reliability of Flat Double-Layer Grid Space Structures. Advances in Structural Engineering, 18(9), 1475–1485. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.18.9.1475.
Smith, E., and Epstein, H. (1980) Hartford Coliseum Roof Collapse Structural Collapse Sequence and Lessons Learned. Civil Engineering–ASCE, 50(4): 59–62
Suto, F., Wada, A., & Sugihara, K. (1988). Some Aspects of Reliability and Safety of Space Frames. International Journal of Space Structures, 3(4), 197–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/026635118800300401.
Tada, M., & Wakiyama, K. (1993). Load-Carrying Capacity of Space Trusses under the Influence of Imperfections. Space Structures, 1(8), 205–212.
Tahamouli Roudsari, M., Gordini, M., Fazeli, H., & Kavehei, B. (2017). Probability Analysis of Double Layer Barrel Vaults Considering the Effect of Initial Curvature and Length Imperfections Simultaneously. International Journal of Steel Structures, 17(3), 939–948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-017-9006-9.
Turker, H., Köstem, C., & Aksoğan, O. (2004). Susceptibility of Double-Layer Grid Structures to Progressive Collapse. Çukurova university journal of the Faculty of engineering and Architecture, 19(1), 39–53.
Wada, A., & Wang, Z. (1992). Influences of Uncertainties on Mechanical Behavior of a Double-Layer Space Truss. International Journal of Space Structures., 7(3), 223–235.
Zien-El-Din, H., El-Sheikh, A., & Smith, F. (2002). Behaviour of Curved and Continuous Compression Members. Engineering Structures, 24(12), 1499–1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00069-X.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Türker, H.T. Stochastic Approach on Safe Designing of Double Layer Grid Space Structure against Member Length Imperfections. Int J Steel Struct 21, 743–756 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00470-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00470-5