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Synews: a synergy-based rumor verification system

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Abstract

Online social networks (OSNs) are now implied as an important source of news and information besides establishing social connections. However, such information sharing is not always authentic because people, sometimes, also share their perceptions and fabricated information on OSNs. Thus, verification of online posts is important to maintain reliability over this useful communication medium. To address this concern, multiple approaches have been investigated including machine learning, natural language processing, source authentication, empirical studies, web semantics, and modeling/simulations, but the problem still persists. This research proposes an effective synergy-based rumor verification method along with a weighted-mean reputation management system to mitigate the spread of rumors over OSN. The model was formally verified through Colored Petri-Nets while its semantic behavior was analyzed through ontologies. Moreover, a third-party Facebook application was developed for proof of concept, and users’ acceptance and usability analysis was performed through Technology Acceptance Model and Self-Efficacy scale. The results indicate that the proposed approach can be used as an effective tool for the identification of rumors and it has the potential to improve the quality of users’ online experience.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Amber Sarfraz, Adnan Ahmad, Furkh Zeshan & Hamid Turab Mirza

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  1. Amber Sarfraz
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  2. Adnan Ahmad
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Contributions

Conceptualization was performed by A.S and A.A; data curation by A.S and F.Z; formal analysis by F.Z and H.T.M; methodology by A.A; project administration by A.A; F.Z; H.T.M; writing by A.S; A.A; F.Z; H.T.M.

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Correspondence to Adnan Ahmad.

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Appendices

Appendix 1

Statistics for Occurrence Graph.

figure dfigure d

Appendix II

Survey Questions.

Variables

Measurement instrument

Perceived ease of use

PE1-I found the application easy to use

PE2-Learning how to use the application is easy for me

PE3-Rating on the post is performed easily using the application

PE4- It is easy to verify news by using the application

Perceived usefulness

PU1-The application can make it easier to verify fake content

PU2-Using the application increases the efficiency for verifying rumors

PU3-The application allows to authenticate the rumors

PU4-The application is useful for verification of rumors

Intention to use

IU1-I am positive toward using the application

IU2-If I have access to application, I intent to use it for verifying rumors

IU3-I will use the application for rumor verification

IU4-Verifying through the application is a good idea

Usage behavior

UB1-I intend to check post decisions from the application

UB2-Using the application does not require any tutorial

UB3-Using the application is easy for me

UB4-I intend to be a user of the application

Self-efficacy

SE1-I have necessary skills to use the application

SE2-I feel confident on the verification results of the application

SE3-I can learn how to use the application

SE4-I am confident that I can efficiently deal with the application

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Sarfraz, A., Ahmad, A., Zeshan, F. et al. Synews: a synergy-based rumor verification system. Soc. Netw. Anal. Min. 14, 57 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-024-01214-z

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