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Genome editing based trait improvement in crops: current perspective, challenges and opportunities

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Abstract

The exponentially increasing population poses a serious threat to global food security. Concurrently, the climate change condition also limits crop productivity by enhancing the effect of biotic and abiotic stressors. The traditional crop improvement programs are not enough to meet the food and nutritional requirements of such a progressive population. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) based genome editing tool adopted from bacterial adaptive immune system against invading foreign DNA has demonstrated its tremendous potential in the sector of crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas-mediated targeting can activate, repress, or completely abolish the gene function. CRISPR/Cas-mediated interventions can produce biofortified crops by targeting negative regulators or activating positive regulators for nutrients. Thus, it can address nutritional security concerns. The advancement in CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, encompassing base and prime editing has paved the way to modify an organism’s genome in a predictable and precise manner. The use of morphogenetic regulators can omit the problem of tissue culture stages, which is one of the major bottlenecks in plant genome editing. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has been performed in many crop plants to induce biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, increase quality and nutritional values, enhance productivity, and prevent post-harvest losses. In this review article, we summarize the progress, challenges opportunities and regulatory landscape of genome editing for the improvement of various traits in crop plants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for research facilities and support. Thankful to DBT for a junior research fellowship to SS and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for a junior research fellowship to RC. The present work was also supported by the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) for a banana biofortification project grant to ST. SS and RC are thankful to the Regional Centre for Biotechnology for PhD registration. The authors would like to acknowledge the DBT-eLibrary Consortium (DelCON) for providing access to online journals.

Funding

This work was supported by the Core Grant of National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute [IN].

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  1. Surender Singh and Roni Chaudhary contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India

    Surender Singh, Roni Chaudhary, Vadthya Lokya & Siddharth Tiwari

  2. Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India

    Surender Singh & Roni Chaudhary

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ST conceived and designed the idea. SS and RC performed the literature survey. SS, RC, VL and ST wrote the manuscript. ST contributed to the editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the present version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Siddharth Tiwari.

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Corresponding Editor: Kutubuddin Ali Molla; Reviewers: Praveen Awasthi, Muntazir Mushtaq

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Singh, S., Chaudhary, R., Lokya, V. et al. Genome editing based trait improvement in crops: current perspective, challenges and opportunities. Nucleus (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-024-00472-8

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