Abstract
Introduction
Gestational diabetes is defined as the carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) is used to indicate pregnant women whose 2-h postprandial glucose is > 120 mg/dl and below 140 mg/dl (Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India, DIPSI criteria).
Aim
This study was planned to see whether intervention in GGI group helps to improve feto-maternal outcomes.
Methodology
This open-label randomized control trial was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of King George's Medical University, Lucknow. Inclusion criteria were all the antenatal women attending the antenatal clinic and diagnosed as GGI, and exclusion criteria were overt diabetes.
Results
Total of 1866 antenatal women were screened, and among them, 220 (11.8%) women were diagnosed as gestational diabetes; 412 (22.1%) women were diagnosed as GGI. The mean fasting blood sugars in the women with GGI who had medical nutrition therapy were much lower than the women with GGI who did not have any intervention. The present study showed the women with GGI had higher complications like polyhydramnios, PPROM, foetal growth restriction, macrosomia, preeclampsia, preterm labour and vaginal candidiasis more in the women with GGI as compared to euglycaemic women.
Conclusion
The present study of nutritional intervention in GGI group has shown trend towards lesser complication if we start medical nutrition therapy reflected by delayed development of GDM and less neonatal hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinemia.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the contribution of pregnant women visiting us.
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Contributions
VD laid down the hypothesis and concept of the study. AS and NK carried out the recruitment and study documentation. AA helped in literature search. SA helped in follow-up of patients, and AP helped in data analysis.
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There is no conflict of interest among the authors. There is no financial relationship with any organizations.
Ethical Approval
All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible institutional committee on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5).
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Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.
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Namrata Kumar is an Associate Professor.
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Kumar, N., Das, V., Srivastava, A. et al. Can Medical Nutrition Therapy Affect Feto-Maternal Outcomes in Gestational Glucose Intolerance: An Open-Label Pilot Randomized Control Trial in World’s Diabetes Capital. J Obstet Gynecol India 73, 208–213 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-022-01722-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-022-01722-y