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In vitro study of the antioxidant, sun factor protection, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities with molecular docking of methanolic extracts from leaves and fruit of Phillyrea angustifolia L.

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Phillyrea angustifolia L leaves and fruits from Algeria. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, sun protection factor, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities such as DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and o-phenanthroline reduction were determined. The findings of the comparative analysis revealed that the leaves contained higher levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) compared to the fruit, indicating their maximum antioxidant potential. TPC values for leaves ranged from 528.411 ± 9.94 to 816.352 ± 5.09 µg EAG/mg of dry extract, while for fruits, it ranged from 378.215 ± 5.26 to 579.392 ± 14.2 µg EAG/mg extract/ml. Similarly, TFC values for leaves varied from 65.833 ± 9.42 to 147.986 ± 5.59 µg EAG/mg of dry extract, and for fruits, it ranged from 45.486 ± 5.00 to 90.208 ± 6.77 µg EAG/mg extract/ml. Moreover, both leaves and fruit extracts showed significant growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, with the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli. The sun protection factor (SPF) values of both leaves and fruits extracts are close to the values of standard sunscreen VICHY. In addition, molecular docking studies identified promising compounds, including Demethyloleuropein, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Apigenin 7-Glucoside, Oleuropein, Pinoresinol, and Syringaresinol monoglucopyranoside of leaves from P. angustifolia L, these compounds are showing a better binding affinity than native ligands against Rhomboid protease GlpG from E. coli, the same thing about luteolin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin 7-glucoside exhibited similar binding free energy values to the target protein S. aureus sortase A. The study suggests that leaves and fruits of Phillyrea angustifolia L could be valuable sources for developing drugs against pathogenic oral yeasts, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique (DGRSDT) of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (MESRS) of Algeria for the experiments financial support of the doctoral Ahmed Boufissiou affiliated to the research laboratory « Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales (LSF) » of Laghouat.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales (LSF), University of Amar Telidji Laghouat, BP. 37G, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria

    Ahmed Boufissiou, Boualem Benamar-Aissa, Hadjer Boussoussa, Mohamed Harrat & Mohamed Yousfi

  2. Research Center in Biotechnology (CRBt 2500) Constantine, El Khroub, Algeria

    Imededdine Kadi

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  1. Ahmed Boufissiou
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Correspondence to Ahmed Boufissiou.

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Boufissiou, A., Kadi, I., Benamar-Aissa, B. et al. In vitro study of the antioxidant, sun factor protection, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities with molecular docking of methanolic extracts from leaves and fruit of Phillyrea angustifolia L.. 3 Biotech 14, 41 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03877-5

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