Abstract
Proteomic analysis was conducted to identify the rice root proteins induced by exogenous proline and their involvement in root growth. Proteins were extracted from the root tissues grown under two conditions, T1 (control) and T2 (10 mM proline), and profiled by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seventeen of 30 differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Proline-treated rice roots showed up-regulation and down-regulation of nine and eight proteins, respectively, when compared to those in the control. Among the differentially expressed proteins, the down-regulation of glutathione reductase and peroxidase could be involved in the regulation of cellular hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species levels that modulate the root cell wall structure. Differentially expressed proteins identified as pathogenesis-related proteins might be related to stress adaptive mechanisms in response to exogenous proline treatment. In addition, differentially expressed protein identified as the fructose-bisphosphate aldolases and cytochrome c oxidase might be associated with energy metabolism, which is needed during root developmental process. This is the first attempt to study the changes in rice root proteome treated with proline. The acquired information could open new avenues for further functional studies on the involvement of proline in modulating root development and its relation to stress adaptation of plants.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education for providing research fund through Long-Term Research Grant Scheme (UPM/700-1/1/LRGS) in Food Security: Enhancing Sustainable Rice Production through Innovative Research for providing the research fund. Teh C. Y would like to acknowledge Ministry of Higher Education for the MyBrain15 scholarship.
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All the authors meet the essential criteria of the publication. CYT performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. CLH, SNA and KSL designed the experiment and analysed the data. MM and CLH supervised the experiment and reviewed the manuscript.
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