Abstract
Hydrogen as a potential reductive gas has selective antioxidant capacity to remove the reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is harmful to human body. Introducing hydrogen to human body through hydrogen-rich water (HRW) is an effective strategy to alleviate the oxidation process dominated by ROS. Here, aeration method was adopted to prepare the hydrogen-rich water, and the effects of hydrogen pressure, injected water volume and temperature on the hydrogen concentration and bubble size were overall investigated to achieve the controllable synthesis of hydrogen bubbles. It was found that hydrogen-rich water with a concentration higher than 1000 ppb and nanoscale bubbles (300–600 nm) can be obtained by the present aeration processing method. Altering processing parameters can lead to various hydrogen solubilities and bubble sizes acquired. The hydrogen bubbles showed a high stability in the as-prepared water by keeping it in room temperature condition until 5 h. The scavenging experiments exhibited that the hydrogen-rich water showed a good antioxidant ability on different free radicals (DPPH, ·OH and ·O2−). In comparison to the conventional antioxidant of vitamin C (VC), the scavenging rate of hydrogen-rich water on ·O2− free radical is 4.3 times that of VC. Such hydrogen-rich water with a high hydrogen concentration and stability may play an important role in the field of hydrogen molecular medical therapy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Betteridge D, Joslin MT, Lilley T (1981) Acoustic emissions from chemical reactions. Anal Chem 53:1064–1073
Cadet JL (1988) Free radical mechanisms in the central nervous system: an overview. Int J Neurosci 40:13–18
Chen Z, Ata S, Jameson GJ (2015) Behaviour of bubble clusters in a turbulent flotation cell. Powder Technol 269:337–344
Dean JA (2003) Lange’s handbook of chemistry. Science Press, Beijing
Ding Z, Li W, Huang J et al (2017) Dietary alanyl-glutamine and vitamin E supplements could considerably promote the expression of GPx and PPARα genes, antioxidation, feed utilization, growth, and improve composition of juvenile cobia. Aquaculture 470:95–102
Dole M, Wilson FR, Fife WP (1975) Hyperbaric hydrogen therapy: a possible treatment for cancer. Science 190:152–154
Fu G, Zhang L, Cui W et al (2011) Induction of heme oxygenase-1 with β-CD-hemin complex mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative damage in the roots of Medicago sativa. Plant Soil 345:271–285
Grassi D, Desideri G, Ferri L et al (2010) Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: say NO to cigarette smoking! Curr Pharm Design 16:2539–2550
Harma M, Harma M, Erel O (2006) Measuring plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in sport medicine. Eur J Appl Physiol 97:505–505
Hu H, Li P, Wang Y et al (2014) Hydrogen-rich water delays postharvest ripening and senescence of kiwifruit. Food Chem 156:100–109
Kang KM, Kang YN, Choi IB et al (2011) Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Medical gas research 1:11–11
Koyama Y et al (2014) Effects of oral intake of hydrogen water on liver fibrogenesis in mice. Hepatol Res 44:663–677
Lee B, Lai Y, Wu S (2015) Antioxidation, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity, nattokinase, and antihypertension of Bacillus subtilis (natto)-fermented pigeon pea. J Food Drug Anal 23:750–757
Li WH, Lu SY (2018) Hydrogen gas generator and hydrogen-enriched water cup. China patent 106820863, 2018–4–24
Li F, Zhu S, Wang Z et al (2013) Consumption of hydrogen-rich water protects against ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced nephrotoxicity and early tumor promotional events in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 61:248–254
Lin CL, Huang WN, Li HH et al (2015) Hydrogen-rich water attenuates amyloid beta-induced cytotoxicity through upregulation of Sirt1-FoxO3a by stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase in SK-N-MC cells. Chem Biol Interact 240:12–21
Liu H, Colavitti R, Rovira II et al (2005) Redox-dependent transcriptional regulation. Circ Res 97:967–974
Nakao A, Toyoda Y, Sharma P et al (2010) Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome—an open label pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 46:140–149
Njus D, Kelley PM, Tu Y-J et al (2020) Ascorbic acid: the chemistry underlying its antioxidant properties. Free Radical Bio Med 159:37–43
Ohsawa I et al (2007) Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med 13:688–694
Ohta S (2012) Molecular hydrogen is a novel antioxidant to efficiently reduce oxidative stress with potential for the improvement of mitochondrial diseases. BBA 1820:586–594
Parejo I, Viladomat F, Bastida J et al (2002) Comparison between the radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of six distilled and nondistilled mediterranean herbs and aromatic plants. J Agr Food Chem 50:6882–6890
Paulis MG, Hassan OA, Abbass MF et al (2018) Structural and lipid peroxidation effects of lead on rat hippocampus and its attenuation by hydrogen rich water. J Chem Neuroanat 91:55–62
Qin XJ, An Q, Zhang W et al (2013) Preliminary study on preparation and preservation of hydrogen-rich water. Teratogen Carcin Mut 25:457–460
Salganik RI (2001) The benefits and hazards of antioxidants: controlling apoptosis and other protective mechanisms in cancer patients and the human population. J Am Coll Nutr 20:464
Sauer H, Wartenberg M, Hescheler J (2001) Reactive oxygen species as intracellular messengers during cell growth and differentiation cellular. J Physiol Biochem 11:173–186
Sovechles JM, Lepage MR, Johnson B et al (2016) Effect of gas rate and impeller speed on bubble size in frother-electrolyte solutions. Miner Eng 99:133–141
Suzuki Y, Sato T, Sugimoto M et al (2017) Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in SMP30 knockout mice. Biochem Bioph Res Co 492:74–81
Tadesse B, Albijanic B, Makuei F et al (2019) Recovery of fine and ultrafine mineral particles by electroflotation—a review. Min Proc Ext Met Rev 40:108–122
Takahashi M, Kawamura T, Yamamoto Y et al (2003) Effect of shrinking microbubble on gas hydrate formation. J Phys Chem B 107:2171–2173
Tanriverdi H, Evrengul H, Kuru O et al (2006) Cigarette smoking induced oxidative stress may impair endothelial function and coronary blood flow in angiographically normal coronary arteries. Circulation 70:593–599
Toyokuni S (1998) Oxidative stress and cancer: the role of redox regulation. Biotherapy 11:147–154
Ushikubo FY, Furukawa T, Nakagawa R et al (2010) Evidence of the existence and the stability of nano-bubbles in water. Colloid Surface A 361:31–37
Yuan J, Wang D, Liu Y et al (2018) Hydrogen-rich water attenuates oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury via Nrf2 pathway. J Surg Res 228:238–246
Yun Z, Gao H, Chen X et al (2021) Effects of hydrogen water treatment on antioxidant system of litchi fruit during the pericarp browning. Food Chem 336:127618
Zhu Y, Huang SH, Tan BKH et al (2004) Antioxidants in Chinese herbal medicines: a biochemical perspective. Nat Prod Rep 21:478–489
Acknowledgment
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51872271).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fan, L., Chen, H., Liang, J. et al. Controllable synthesis of hydrogen bubbles via aeration method for efficient antioxidant process. Appl Nanosci 11, 833–840 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01652-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01652-z