Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation through a symbiosis between the legume and free-living Bradyrhizobium is a crucial step to fulfill the nitrogenous demand of the host plant. Bradyrhizobium establishes successful symbiosis with the legumes by virtue of having a set of genes that code for nod-factors (NFs). The NFs are very much species-specific and thus, the symbionts have their own choice of host. Recently it has been reported that even in absence of NF Bradyrhizobia can establish successful nodulation in their cognate hosts. But nod-independent (NI) nodulation is only limited in some species of Bradyrhizobium. This review emphasized on types of Bradyrhizobium species, types of nodule formation, regulation of nodulation, comparative mechanism of both nod-dependent (ND) and independent nitrogen fixation in legume plants, relationship with type 3 secretion systems (T3SS) and NI nitrogen fixation by Bradyrhizobium, the role of NF receptor homolog and NF in symbiosis. Thus, this review predicts the shift of one group of symbionts to another unique type, where pathogen-associated machinery like T3SS plays a role in symbiosis.
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DP and SM conceptualize the research, DP performed data curation, wrote the original draft; SM supervised, reviewed and edited the Manuscript.
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This work is supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India [Grant No- BT/PR23731/BPA/118/344/2017].
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Patra, D., Mandal, S. Nod–factors are dispensable for nodulation: A twist in bradyrhizobia-legume symbiosis. Symbiosis 86, 1–15 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00826-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00826-9