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Arsenic toxicity in soybean alleviated by a symbiotic species of Bradyrhizobium

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that has gained special interest in the past years as a global environmental problem. Groundwater in Córdoba province (Argentina) presents high As concentrations which can be absorbed by plants or be used for artificial irrigation. The aim of this research was to elucidate the differential responses of symbiotic interactions established with three bacterial strains and soybean plants to realistic doses of arsenic. The reference strain Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 and the native isolate Bradyrhizobium sp. Per 3.64 were able to grow up to 13 mM As(V) whereas the native strain Bradyrhizobium sp. Per 3.61 grew up to 9.5 mM As(V). Metalloid addition did not modify the soybean plant growth at 6 μM As(V). Nevertheless, it was enough to induce oxidative stress as observed by an increase on lipid peroxidation. The soybean-Bradyrhizobium sp. assay at 6 μM As(V) showed no changes in growth variables (shoot and root dry weight) in plants inoculated with the reference microsymbiont or Bradyrhizobium sp. Per 3.61. Regarding As uptake by plants, metalloid accumulation followed the same distribution pattern among strains. Remarkably, at 6 μM As(V), soybean inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. Per 3.61 revealed a significantly lower translocation factor (TF) in comparison to other inoculated strains promoting As phytostabilization. At the highest As(V) concentration tested, only Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 was able to nodulate the legume, however, a significant decrease in the number and dry weight of nodules and nitrogen content was observed. In conclusion, the inoculation of soybean plants with the reference strain Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 exposed to high As(V) concentration represents an effective and promising symbiotic interaction that allows the development of the legume due to the minimal effects on plant growth. However, in low As(V) concentration environments, the native isolate Bradyrhizobium sp. Per 3.61, is shown to be the best inoculant among the tested strains, owing to the limitation of metalloid translocation and accumulation to edible parts of the legume, avoiding fruit contamination and human poisoning.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (SECYT-UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), This work was also funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Awarded to L.E. Hernández projects AGL2010-15151, AGL2014-53771-R). Special thanks are also given to Andrés Bianucci for his assistance with the images presented and Josh Taylor for his English editing assistance.

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  1. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina

    Eliana Bianucci, Andrea Godoy, Ana Furlan, Juan Manuel Peralta & Stella Castro

  2. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, España

    Eliana Bianucci & Luis E. Hernández

  3. Departamento de Química Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, España

    Ramón O. Carpena-Ruiz

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  1. Eliana Bianucci
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  2. Andrea Godoy
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Correspondence to Eliana Bianucci.

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Bianucci, E., Godoy, A., Furlan, A. et al. Arsenic toxicity in soybean alleviated by a symbiotic species of Bradyrhizobium . Symbiosis 74, 167–176 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-017-0499-y

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