Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Modelling the enablers for adoption of electric vehicles in India

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Environmental sustainability is one of the biggest challenge faced by humankind in the present times. It is much bigger for the countries that are densely populated and are witnessing continued increase in the demand of motorized vehicles. Transportation accounts for a wide range of environmental impact across the globe. Electric vehicles in this context are recognised as a promising green alternative to traditional gasoline vehicles, for reducing the dependency on crude oil, consumption of energy and emissions of greenhouse gases from the transport sector. Talking about countries like India, currently electric vehicles comprise less than 1% of the overall automotive market share. The Indian Government is encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles through several schemes and policies but the results are yet to be seen. The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationships between the major drivers that would support the adoption of the electric vehicles in India using Interpretive Structural Modeling Technique. MICMAC Analysis is also used in order to study the dependency and mutual relationship between the drivers. The results unveil that the Government Policies and Initiatives and the Technological Advancements could be the key drivers in accelerating the adoption process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajanovic A, Haas R (2016) Dissemination of electric vehicles in urban areas: major factors for success. Energy 115:1451–1458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arora NK, Mishra J (2020) COVID-19 and importance of environmental sustainability. Environ Sustain 1:309–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attri R, Dev N, Sharma V (2013) Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach: an overview. Res J Manag Sci 2(2):3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Axsen J, Kurani KS (2008) The early US market for PHEVs: anticipating consumer awareness, recharge potential, design priorities and energy impacts. Institute of Transportation Studies, Davis

    Google Scholar 

  • Biresselioglu ME, Kaplan MD, Yilmaz BK (2018) Electric mobility in Europe: A comprehensive review of motivators and barriers in decision making processes. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 109:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breetz HL, Salon D (2018) Do electric vehicles need subsidies? Ownership costs for conventional, hybrid, and electric vehicles in 14 US cities. Energy Policy 120:238–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comodi G, Caresana F, Salvi D, Pelagalli L, Lorenzetti M (2016) Local promotion of electric mobility in cities: guidelines and real application case in Italy. Energy 95:494–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CSTEP-SSEF (2018) Implementation plan for electrification of public bus transport in Bengaluru. Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, (CSTEP-Report-2018-3). Retrieved from https://cstep.in/drupal/sites/default/files/2019-01/CSTEP_RR_Implementation_plan_for_electrification_of_public_bus_transport_in_Bengaluru_April2018.pdf

  • Das HS, Rahman MM, Li S, Tan CW (2020) Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: a technological review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 120:109618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond D (2009) The impact of government incentives for hybrid-electric vehicles: evidence from US states. Energy Policy 37(3):972–983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Digalwar AK, Giridhar G (2015) Interpretive structural modeling approach for development of electric vehicle market in India. Proced CIRP 26:40–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eberle U, Von Helmolt R (2010) Sustainable transportation based on electric vehicle concepts: a brief overview. Energy Environ Sci 3(6):689–699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glerum A, Stankovikj L, Thémans M, Bierlaire M (2014) Forecasting the demand for electric vehicles: accounting for attitudes and perceptions. Transp Sci 48(4):483–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Günther HO, Kannegiesser M, Autenrieb N (2015) The role of electric vehicles for supply chain sustainability in the automotive industry. J Clean Prod 90:220–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He F, Yin Y, Zhou J (2015) Deploying public charging stations for electric vehicles on urban road networks. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 60:227–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helveston JP, Liu Y, Feit EM, Fuchs E, Klampfl E, Michalek JJ (2015) Will subsidies drive electric vehicle adoption? Measuring consumer preferences in the US and China. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 73:96–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölscher J, Marelli E, Signorelli M (2010) China and India in the global economy. Econ Syst 34(3):212–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IBEF (2020) Indian automobile ındustry analysis. Retrieved from https://www.ibef.org/industry/india-automobiles.aspx, May 2021

  • IEA (2019) Scaling-up the transition to electric mobility. Global EV Outlook 2019, IEA, Paris. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019

  • Invest India. (2021). Automobile: India is the world's 4th largest vehicle market Retrieved 15 July 2020, from https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/automobile

  • IQAir (2020) World's most polluted countries 2020 (PM2.5). Retrieved from https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-countries, 15 July 2020

  • Jin L, Slowik P (2017) Literature review of electric vehicle consumer awareness and outreach activities. International Council on Clean Transportation, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi AM, Ezzat H, Bucknor N, Verbrugge M (2011) Optimizing battery sizing and vehicle lightweighting for an extended range electric vehicle (No. 2011-01-1078). SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition, Detroit Michigan, United States. https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1078

  • Juan AA, Mendez CA, Faulin J, De Armas J, Grasman SE (2016) Electric vehicles in logistics and transportation: a survey on emerging environmental, strategic, and operational challenges. Energies 9(2):86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapustin NO, Grushevenko DA (2020) Long-term electric vehicles outlook and their potential impact on electric grid. Energy Policy 137:111103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause RM, Carley SR, Lane BW, Graham JD (2013) Perception and reality: public knowledge of plug-in electric vehicles in 21 US cities. Energy Policy 63:433–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liao F, Molin E, Wee BV (2017) Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review. Transp Rev 37(3):252–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieven T (2015) Policy measures to promote electric mobility—a global perspective. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 82:78–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin B, Wu W (2018) Why people want to buy electric vehicle: an empirical study in first-tier cities of China. Energy Policy 112:233–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J (2012) Electric vehicle charging infrastructure assignment and power grid impacts assessment in Beijing. Energy Policy 51:544–557

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Livemint (2019) Pollution worse in Indian cities as registered vehicles up by 700 times since 1951: study. Retrieved from https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pollution-worse-in-indian-cities-as-registered-vehicles-up-by-700-times-since-1951-study-1560366478591.html

  • Lutsey N, Searle S, Chambliss S, Bandivadekar A (2015) Assessment of leading electric vehicle promotion activities in United States cities. International Council on Clean Transportation, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (2020) Indian petroleum & natural gas statistics 2017–18. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Economic & Statistics Division. Available at: http://petroleum.nic.in/sites/default/files/ipngstat_0.pdf

  • Mock P, Yang Z (2014) Driving electrification: a global comparison of fiscal incentive policy for electric vehicles. The International Council on Clean Transportation (İCCT), Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Namdeo A, Tiwary A, Dziurla R (2014) Spatial planning of public charging points using multi-dimensional analysis of early adopters of electric vehicles for a city region. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 89:188–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira GD, Dias LMC, dos Santos PCS (2015) Modelling consumer preferences for electric vehicles in Portugal: an exploratory study. Manag Environ Qual Int J 26(6):929–950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potoglou D, Kanaroglou PS (2007) Household demand and willingness to pay for clean vehicles. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 12(4):264–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash S, Dwivedy M, Poudel SS, Shrestha DR (2018) Modelling the barriers for mass adoption of electric vehicles in Indian automotive sector: an ınterpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach. In: 2018 5th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), 458–462)

  • Rasouli S, Timmermans H (2016) Influence of social networks on latent choice of electric cars: a mixed logit specification using experimental design data. Netw Spat Econ 16(1):99–130

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Rezvani Z, Jansson J, Bodin J (2015) Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: a review and research agenda. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 34:122–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sage AP (1977) Interpretive structural modeling: methodology for large-scale systems. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, pp 91–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahoo T, Banwet DK, Momaya K (2011) Developing a conceptual framework for strategic technology management using ISM and MICMAC methodology: a case of automotive industry in India. Glob Bus Rev 12(1):117–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sierzchula W, Bakker S, Maat K, Van Wee B (2014) The influence of financial incentives and other socio-economic factors on electric vehicle adoption. Energy Policy 68:183–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Kant A (2021) Handbook of electrıc vehıcle chargıng ınfrastructure ımplementatıon. NITI Aayog, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinhilber S, Wells P, Thankappan S (2013) Socio-technical inertia: understanding the barriers to electric vehicles. Energy Policy 60:531–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2019) World population prospects 2019: highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York. Available at: https://population.un.org/wpp/publications/files/wpp2019_highlights.pdf

  • Watson RH (1973) Interpretive structural modelling—a useful tool for technology assessment. Technol Forecast Soc Change 11(2):165–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WRI India (2019) A guidance document on accelerating electric mobility in India [Ebook] (pp. 1–104). Retrieved from https://wriindia.org/sites/default/files/Accelerating%20electric%20mobility%20in%20India_WRI%20 India_CBEEVIITM.pdf

Download references

Funding

This research is not funded by any resource.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anshu Gupta.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights

This article does not contain any studies involving human participants and/or animals as subjects by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Data was collected from experts with consent for using responses in the study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gupta, A., Garg, A. Modelling the enablers for adoption of electric vehicles in India. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 15, 635–645 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-022-01687-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-022-01687-1

Keywords

Navigation