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Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and biochemical composition in different tissues of pigmented and non-pigmented rice

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Abstract

Ever since the flavonoids and other antioxidants in rice were demonstrated with immense health benefits, much interest has been diverted to study the native indigenous rice landraces. In the present investigation, three pigmented rare Indian rice landraces and two non-pigmented rice varieties were analyzed for their phytoconstituents like total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content and antioxidant potential using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical profile was compared between seed, seedling, stem, leaf and root tissues of the different varieties. Pigmented rice cultivars demonstrated higher levels of bioactive compounds as compared to the non-pigmented cultivars exhibiting a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of the grain and their phenolic and flavonoid content. Among the five different rice studied, black navara was found to be superior in terms of its phytochemical composition. Further, the expression levels of flavonoid genes among pigmented and non-pigmented rice was studied. Higher gene expression profiles were observed in the 8 flavonoid genes studied in pigmented rice varieties as compared to non-pigmented varieties. The colorlessness of non-pigmented rice and its lower levels of phytoconstituents correlated with the low transcript levels of flavonoid genes recorded in them. This study provides a basis for understanding the health-promoting properties of pigmented rice over non-pigmented rice at the biochemical and molecular levels.

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Acknowledgements

Safia N thanks University Grants Commission-Basic Science Research, New Delhi for fellowship support (UGC BSR No. F.25.1/2014–15). Author Sathish. S acknowledges Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi (No.3/1/2/102/2018-Nut.) for fellowship support. Author Sree Preethy Kuppuraj thanks Department of Science and Technology-Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE) Phase II (Award letter No.BU/DST PURSE(II)/Appointment/01) for fellowship support.  We would also like to thank, University Grants Commission-Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP) and Department of Science & Technology-Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (DST-FIST) for the financial support to carry out this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India

    Safia Nayeem, Baskar Venkidasamy, Sathish Sundararajan, Sree Preethy Kuppuraj & Sathishkumar Ramalingam

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  1. Safia Nayeem
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  2. Baskar Venkidasamy
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Correspondence to Sathishkumar Ramalingam.

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Nayeem, S., Venkidasamy, B., Sundararajan, S. et al. Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and biochemical composition in different tissues of pigmented and non-pigmented rice. J Food Sci Technol 58, 884–893 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04602-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04602-3

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