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Understanding the natural durability of some African tropical heartwoods toward Pycnoporus sanguineus and Antrodia sp.: lignin structure and cellulose morphology control

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Abstract

The natural durability of the heartwoods from Testulea gabonensis Pellgr. (T. gabonensis), Julbernardia pellegriniana (J. pellegriniana), Aucoumea klaineana Pierre (A. klaineana), and Tieghemella africana Pierre (T. africana) widely used for windows, door frames, frameworks, closets, cupboards and plywood in the Congo Basin or other countries in the world were studied. The samples were exposed to Pycnoporus sanguineus (P. sanguineus) and Antrodia sp. Factors such as extracts toxicity, lignin syringyl to guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, cellulose crystalline, and fibers morphology which control the resistance of the wood toward white- and brown-rot fungi were investigated. Unextracted woods displayed a strong natural durability against P. sanguineus compared to Antrodia sp., except for A. klaineana which didn’t show significant difference concerning its durability against the white- or the brown-rot fungus. Unextracted heartwoods from T. gabonensis and T. africana were very durable against P. sanguineus; they contain extracts with strong toxicity toward that white-rot fungus. However, A. klaineana and J. pellegriniana heartwoods were moderately resistant to P. sanguineus. For the extracted heartwoods, the lowest mass loss against P. sanguineus was achieved by T. gabonensis heartwood which was the richest in G type units. The highest mass loss was obtained from the three other heartwoods displaying the highest content on S units. Heartwoods with high crystallinity index and long cellulose fibers were more resistant to Antrodia sp. compared to A. klaineana which displayed the shortest cellulose fibers (624 μm) and the lowest crystallinity index (59%).

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Acknowledgements

This research was possible as a result of the AUF (Agence Universitaire de la Francophone) fellowship program. We would like to thank USTM (Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku of Gabon) for his funding and all supports he brought to this research program. The LCPO (Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques) of Bordeaux 1 University and Xylomat of the University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour are thanked for the scientific support they brought to this research program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois), Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique, BP 3989, Libreville, Gabon

    Rodrigue Safou Tchiama, Patrice Soulounganga, Péguy Starlin Engozogho Anris, Arsène Bikoro Bi Athomo & Timoléon Andzi Barhé

  2. Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et de Synthèses Organométalliques (LASNSOM), Unité de Recherche en Chimie (URChi), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 941, Franceville, Gabon

    Rodrigue Safou Tchiama & Aristide Gervais Akagah

  3. Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 17009, Libreville, Gabon

    Patrice Soulounganga

  4. Xylomat, 371, Rue du Ruisseau, 40000, Mont de Marsan, France

    Péguy Starlin Engozogho Anris, Arsène Bikoro Bi Athomo & Bertrand Charrier

  5. Département des Sciences Exactes. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Pharmacologie, de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé., Université Marien Ngouabi, P.O. Box 69, Brazzaville, Congo

    Timoléon Andzi Barhé

  6. Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac, France

    Bernard De Jeso

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  1. Rodrigue Safou Tchiama
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  2. Patrice Soulounganga
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  3. Péguy Starlin Engozogho Anris
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  4. Arsène Bikoro Bi Athomo
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  5. Timoléon Andzi Barhé
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  6. Bernard De Jeso
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  7. Bertrand Charrier
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  8. Aristide Gervais Akagah
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Contributions

Rodrigue SAFOU-TCHIAMA was the principal investigator of the subject. He acted as group leading of a research program dealing with the natural durability and molecular structure of lignocellulosic polymers of tropical hardwoods in the LASNSOM (USTM) and the LaReVa (ENSET). Patrice SOULOUNGANGA contributed actively as wood scientist to criticize and correct the final manuscript. Péguy Starlin ENGOZOGHO made the antifungal test of A. klaineana wood against C. versicolor. Timoléon Andzi Barhé, Bernard De Jeso, Bertrand Charrier and Aristide Gervais Akagah acted as scientific directors.

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Correspondence to Rodrigue Safou Tchiama.

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Norme NF-EN 113 “Wood preservatives: determination of the toxic effect values against wood destroying basidiomycetes cultured on agar medium”, December 1986, 23 p.

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Safou Tchiama, R., Soulounganga, P., Engozogho Anris, P.S. et al. Understanding the natural durability of some African tropical heartwoods toward Pycnoporus sanguineus and Antrodia sp.: lignin structure and cellulose morphology control. J Indian Acad Wood Sci 15, 162–171 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-018-0222-5

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