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Nouvel aperçu sur l’écologie larvaire d’Anopheles coluzzii Coetzee et Wilkerson, 2013 dans l’estuaire du Wouri, Littoral-Cameroun

New insight into Anopheles coluzzii Coetzee & Wilkerson, 2013 larval ecology in the Wouri estuary, Littoral-Cameroon

  • Entomologie Médicale / Medical Entomology
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Résumé

Une étude visant à caractériser les gîtes larvaires de culicidés a été effectuée dans l’estuaire du Wouri à Douala. Ces gîtes ont été cartographiés, leur productivité ainsi que leurs paramètres physico-chimiques mesurés. Les imagos issus des larves collectées ont été identifiés morphologiquement et ceux appartenant au complexe Anopheles gambiae par la biologie moléculaire. Dix types de gîtes larvaires et onze espèces culicidiennes ont été identifiés. La richesse spécifique variait d’un type de gîte à l’autre et la productivité larvaire était liée aux variations des paramètres physicochimiques. Anopheles coluzzii a été observé pour la première fois au Cameroun dans les récipients de stockage d’eau, les pneus, les récipients abandonnés et les pirogues. Il est plus fréquent dans les caniveaux aménagés à Manoka et dans les pirogues abandonnées à Youpwe. Ces données pourraient servir à la mise en place des mesures de lutte antilarvaires complémentaires aux stratégies déjà en cours.

Abstract

Malaria vectors control is essentially based on the use of insecticides against adult mosquitoes. However because of the development of resistance to insecticides, there is now a renewed interest in the management of larval sources. The aim of the present study was to map and characterize the breeding sites of Anopheles coluzzii in the Wouri river estuary in Cameroon. Larval surveys were carried out between December 2013 and August 2014 in rural areas on the island of Manoka and urban area in Youpwe at Douala. Culicidae breeding sites identified were georeferenced and mapped. Their larval productivity was evaluated by the method of “dipping” and their physicochemical parameters measured by spectrophotometry and oximetry. Culicidae collected larvae were reared in the insectarium to the adult stage. Adult mosquitoes were subjected to morphological identification and those belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex have subsequently been subjected to molecular identification by the PCR-RFLP technique. A total of 240 breeding sites were geo-referenced in the two sites, including 10 types. Abandoned containers and pools were the most frequent breeding sites respectively in Manoka and in Youpwe. After morphological and molecular identification, eleven mosquito species have been identified. Anopheles coluzzii and Culex quinquefasciatus were the most frequent species respectively in Manoka and in Youpwe. Mosquito density was higher in managed gutters and canoes respectively in Manoka and in Youpwe. Culex and Aedes genus were more frequent in the hollow palm and water wells respectively in Manoka and Youpwe. The productivity of breeding sites varied according to the physicochemical parameters. Species richness varied according to the type of breeding site. Anopheles coluzzii was observed for the first time in Cameroon in water storage containers, tires, discarded containers and canoes. This study highlighted diversity in the type of breeding site of An. coluzzii in the Wouri estuary, suggesting the adaptation of this species in its environment. These results could be used to develop an antilarval control strategy in Manoka and in Youpwe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de biologie et physiologie des organismes animaux, Université de Douala, BP 24157, Douala, Cameroun

    A. Mbida Mbida, P. Akono Ntonga, A. Talipouo, W. Ekoko, J. Binyang, R. Tchoffo & G. Lehman

  2. Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté de médecine et des sciences pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, BP 2701, Douala, Cameroun

    J. Etang & C. Eboumbou Moukoko

  3. Institut de recherche de Yaoundé, Organisation de coordination pour la lutte contre les endémies en Afrique centrale (OCEAC), BP 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    J. Etang & P. Awono-Ambene

  4. Laboratoire de biologie générale, Université de Yaoundé I, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    D. Tagne & R. Mimpfoundi

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  1. A. Mbida Mbida
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Correspondence to A. Mbida Mbida.

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Mbida Mbida, A., Etang, J., Akono Ntonga, P. et al. Nouvel aperçu sur l’écologie larvaire d’Anopheles coluzzii Coetzee et Wilkerson, 2013 dans l’estuaire du Wouri, Littoral-Cameroun. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 110, 92–101 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-016-0519-9

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