Abstract
Mesoscale eddies play vital roles in ocean processes. Although previous studies focused on eddy surface features and individual three-dimensional (3D) eddy cases in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, the analysis of unique eddy 3D regional characteristics is still lacking. A 3D eddy detection scheme is applied to 9 years (2000–2008) of eddy-resolving Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) output to obtain a 3D eddy dataset from the surface to a depth of 1 000 m in the northwestern Pacific Ocean (15°–35°N, 120°–145°E). The 3D characteristics of mesoscale eddies are analyzed in two regions, namely, Box1 (Subtropical Countercurrent, 15°–25°N, 120°–145°E) and Box2 (Southern Kuroshio Extension, 25°–35°N, 120°–145°E). In Box1, the current is characterized by strong vertical shear and weak horizontal shear. In Box2, the current is characterized by the strong Kuroshio, topographic effect, and the westward propagation of Rossby waves. The results indicate the importance of baroclinic instability in Box1, whereas in Box2, both the barotropic and baroclinic instability are important. Moreover, the mesoscale eddies’ properties in Box1 and Box2 are distinct. The eddies in Box1 have larger number and radius but a shorter lifetime. By contrast, Box2 has fewer eddies, which have smaller radius but longer lifetime. Vertically, more eddies are detected at the subsurface than at the surface in both regions; the depth of 650 m is the turning point in Box1. Above this depth, the number of cyclonic eddies (CEs) is larger than that of anticyclonic eddies (AEs). In Box2, the number of CEs is dominant vertically. Eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and mean normalized relative vorticity in Box2 are significantly higher than those in Box1. With increasing depth, the attenuation trend of EKE and relative vorticity of Box1 become greater than those of Box2. Furthermore, the upper ocean (about 300 m in depth) contains 68.6% of the eddies (instantaneous eddy). Only 16.6% of the eddies extend to 1 000 m. In addition, about 87% of the eddies are bowl-shaped eddies in the two regions. Only about 3% are cone-shaped eddies. With increasing depth of the eddies, the proportion of bowl-shaped eddies gradually decreases. Conversely, the cone- and lens-shaped eddies are equal in number at 700–1 000 m, accounting for about 30% each. Studying the 3D characteristics of eddies in two different regions of the northwestern Pacific Ocean is an important stepping stone for discussing the different eddy generation mechanisms.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank AVISO+ (http://wwww.aviso.altimetry.fr/) for providing the SSHA data and mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas product. The altimetric Mesoscale Eddy Trajectories Atlas (META2.0) was produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO+ with support from CNES, in collaboration with Oregon State University with support from NASA. The SST products used in this study are distributed by CMEMS (http://marine.copernicus.eu/).
Funding
The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos NSFC 41806030 and 42076021; the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association Program under contract No. DY135-E2-3-01; the Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Zhejiang Provincial Universities under contract No. 2020J00007; the project of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. LTO1807; the project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) under contract No. SML2020SP007; the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) under contract No. 311020004; the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. XDB42000000.
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Yang, G., Lin, X., Han, G. et al. Three-dimensional characteristics of mesoscale eddies simulated by a regional model in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during 2000–2008. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 41, 74–93 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-022-2006-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-022-2006-4