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Investigation of soil dynamic properties using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio for Eastern Pontides, Northeast Turkey

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Abstract

Turkey includes the major and active tectonic structures, which are the North Anatolian Fault Zone, the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Aegean extension region and Bitlis-Zağros thrust belt. Many destructive earthquakes have occurred on these tectonic structures and caused loss of life and property. Therefore, determining the soil properties that increase the destructive effect of earthquakes is an important parameter for the construction around these tectonic structures. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the soil properties (the soil predominant period, bedrock depth, Vs30) using 103 earthquake acceleration data (in the range of 3.5 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.8) recorded by 27 strong ground motion stations in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Moreover, the study area includes provinces (Samsun, Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, etc.) with a high population density that may be affected by a destructive earthquake. The H/V spectral curve and the geometric mean of these curves were calculated for the earthquakes recorded by each station to assess the soil column. First, the predominant period and amplification factor of the soils were obtained from these curves. The predominant period values vary from 0.4 to 0.6 s and the amplification factor values change from 1.6 to 7.0. The stations with the largest period and amplification factors are 5301 and 5507, respectively. Furthermore, the soil vulnerability index (Kg), the bedrock depth, Vs30 values were obtained from these two parameters using empirical equations. Kg values are observed between 0.4 and 36. The highest Kg values were obtained at stations 5505 and 5507 in Samsun. The bedrock depth was calculated using twelve different empirical relations. The higher bedrock depth was obtained around Samsun–Giresun and the north of Erzurum. In addition to these evaluations, the empirical Vs30 relations were tested for the study area to determine the most suitable relation. As a result of all analyses, it was determined that Samsun province is a risky region in terms of soil. Detailed microzonation studies should be carried out to determine soil properties for this region.

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Data Availability

A data set of the strong ground motion data is available on https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/home-page.

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Acknowledgements

The data are provided by Ataturk University Earthquake Research Center and Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) (Ankara-Turkey). Faults and geology map are digitized in the Geoscience map viewer and drawing editor licensed to the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) (Emre et al., 2013, 2019; Akbas et al. 2011). H/V spectra were obtained using the Geopsy program (Wathelet et al. 2020).

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  1. Earthquake Research Centre, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Erdem Bayrak

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Erdem Bayrak

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The author contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Erdem BAYRAK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Erdem BAYRAK.

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Bayrak, E. Investigation of soil dynamic properties using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio for Eastern Pontides, Northeast Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 81, 514 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10643-y

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