Abstract
Wastes of potash industry stored at the Earth’s surface in salt tailing piles and sludge storages are a source of salinization of groundwater and surface water. The groundwater vulnerability assessment estimated on the basis of calculation of chloride travel time through the unsaturated zone can be taken into account in the development of design solutions aimed at minimizing the damage to the geological environment when placing waste products. The study precisely defined the structure of the unsaturated zone of the Upper Kama salt deposit based on the geological columns data of about 400 wells, and underlined the role of infiltration recharge as one of the main factors of groundwater vulnerability with respect to pollutants coming from the ground surface. The research findings offer a new basis both for protective measures development against groundwater contamination and for further methodological research in the case of specific areas of the territory in a larger scale.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akhmetieva NP, Lapina EG, Lola MV (2008) Ecological state of natural waters of catchment area of the Ivankovskoye storage reservoir and ways to reduce their pollution. Publishing House of the LCI, Moscow
Baldin VA et al (1998) Information report about the complex hydrogeological and engineering-geological survey of 1:50,000 scale of the Upper Kama area on the territory of operating mining enterprises and detail explored sites. Informational report, LLC “Zapuralgidrogeologiya”, Perm
Belousova AP (2003) The basic principles and recommendations for the assessment and mapping of the degree of groundwater protection against pollution. Water Resour 30(6):667–677
Belousova AP (2005) Groundwater resources and their protection from pollution in the Dnieper River basin and its separate areas: the Russian territory. LENAND, Moscow
Belousova AP, Gavich IK, Lisenkov AB, Popov EV (2007) Environmental hydrogeology. Akademkniga, Moscow
Bindeman N (1963) Evaluating goundwater safe yield. Gosgeotehizdat, Moscow
Bochever FM, Lapshin NN, Oradovskaya AE (1979) Protection of groundwater against pollution. Nedra, Moscow
Filippini M et al (2013) Critical review of methods for assessment of vulnerability of groundwater systems. http://www.bioforsk.no/ikbViewer/Content/106001/D2.3_literature_corrected.pdf. Accessed 2 Aug 2015
Grinevskiy SO (2012) Hydrodynamic modeling of the interaction between groundwater and surface water. INFRA-M, Moscow
Kharitonov TV et al (2002) Creating of summary geological and hydrogeological maps of the Upper Kama deposit of potassium salts of scale 1:100000. JSC “Perm-geocarta”, Perm
Kudryashov AI (2001) Verkhnekamskoe salt deposit. Mining Institute of Ural Branch of RAS, Perm
McWhorter D, Sunada DK (1977) Groundwater hydrology and hydraulics. Water Recourses Publications, Colorado
Permyakov RS et al (1981) Technology of salts mining. Nedra, Moscow
Shestakov VM (1995) Hydrogeodynamics. MGU, Moscow
Zektser IS (2007) World groundwater: resources, use, forecasts. Nauka, Moscow
Zektser IS, Everett LG (2000) Groundwater and the environment: applications for the global community. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton
Zektser IS, Karimova OA, Bujuoli J, Bucci M (2004) Regional estimation of fresh groundwater vulnerability: methodological aspects and practical applications. Water Resour 31(6):595–600
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank to Prof. Sergey P. Pozdniakov and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fetisova, N.F., Fetisov, V.V., De Maio, M. et al. Groundwater vulnerability assessment based on calculation of chloride travel time through the unsaturated zone on the area of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit. Environ Earth Sci 75, 681 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5496-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5496-6