Abstract
Urbanization has become one of the domain processes for city development in Indonesia. The results of the extremely high densities of fast growing population have led to negative subsurface environmental impact. Jakarta, as one of the rapidly developed and urbanized cities in Southeast Asia, has become one of the interesting urbanization city to analyze its effects. In Jakarta, the use of groundwater has greatly accelerated conforming to the rise in its population and the development of the industrial sector, which consume a relatively large amount of water. The increase of groundwater exploitation in Jakarta city has already caused a negative impact on these resources. Therefore, an assessment of groundwater trends in the urban area, including their hazard and risk management, is a necessary action. This paper describes the assessment of urban groundwater loading caused by human concentration in Jakarta city. Subsurface heat contamination under the condition of surface warming shows significant effects of urban groundwater loading during the past century in Jakarta city.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Ir. Haris Pindratno, MM, from Jakarta Metropolitan Government, Ir. Abdurahman Assegaf M.Eng, from Trisakti University and Dr. Lambok M. Hutasoit, from Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia for cooperation and useful suggestions. This research was financially supported in part by the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) project 2-4 “Human impacts on urban subsurface environment”.
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Lubis, R.F., Yamano, M., Delinom, R. et al. Assessment of urban groundwater heat contaminant in Jakarta, Indonesia. Environ Earth Sci 70, 2033–2038 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2712-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2712-5