Abstract
Walking is an effective way to initiate physical activity among individuals with severe mental illness. However, factors related to walking and sedentary behaviours are not well-known in this population. The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to analyze the potential (non)modifiable sociodemographic, anthropometric and sociocognitive factors associated to walking and sedentary behaviours in individuals with severe mental illness. Participants were recruited by psychiatrists in a psychiatric unit. Nonmodifiable (e.g., age, gender) and modifiable factors (e.g., self-schema, stages of change) were measured with questionnaires. Time spent walking and sedentary time were evaluated using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression were run to analyze the collected data. Ninety-one individuals (50 males, mean age: 31.5 ± 9.9 years old) reported walking a mean of 379.8 ± 433.7 min per week while the mean daily sedentary time was 346.9 ± 206.9 min. Walking was correlated with self-schema of physical activity status (r = 0.29; p = 0.005). Participants in the last two stages of change (action, maintenance) had a more physically active self-schema than those in the first three stages (p < 0.0001). No relationship was found between sedentary time and socioeconomic or anthropometric factors. Individuals with severe mental illness’s self-schema and stages of change related to physical activity were found to be related to walking behaviour. Given this association, self-schema should be considered when proposing a physical activity plan.
Zusammenfassung
Gehen ist eine effektive Möglichkeit, körperliche Aktivität bei Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen zu initiieren. Allerdings weiß man wenig über die Faktoren, welche die Geh- und Sitzgewohnheiten solcher Menschen beeinflussen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Querschnittsstudie war, die wahrscheinlich (un-)veränderlichen soziodemografischen, anthropometrischen und sozial-kognitiven Faktoren zu analysieren, die mit dem Geh- und Sitzverhalten bei Personen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen zusammenhängen. Studienteilnehmerinnen und -teilnehmer wurden von Psychiatern in einer psychiatrischen Einrichtung rekrutiert. Unveränderliche (z. B. Alter, Geschlecht) und veränderliche Einflussfaktoren (z. B. Selbstschema, Stadien der Verhaltensänderung) wurden mit Fragebögen erhoben. Die für das Gehen aufgewendete Zeit und die Sitzzeiten wurden mit dem Global Physical Activity Questionnaire beurteilt. Zur Auswertung der Daten wurden Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizienten, eine Varianzanalyse (ANOVA) und multiple Regressionsmodelle herangezogen. 95 Personen (50 Männer, Altersdurchschnitt 31,5 ± 9,9 Jahren) gaben eine durchschnittliche Gehzeit von 379,8 ± 433,7 min pro Woche und eine durchschnittliche Sitzzeit von 346,9 ± 206,9 min pro Tag an. Das Gehen korrelierte mit dem Selbstschema des eigenen Bewegungsverhaltens (r = 0,29; p = 0,005). Teilnehmende in den letzten beiden Stadien der Verhaltensänderung (Aktion und Aufrechterhaltung) zeigten ein stärker auf Bewegung ausgerichtetes Selbstschema als die in den ersten drei Stadien (p < 0,0001). Zwischen Sitzzeiten und sozioökonomischen und anthropometrischen Faktoren bestand kein Zusammenhang. Den Ergebnissen zufolge korrespondieren also bei Personen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen das Selbstschema und die Stadien der Verhaltensänderung mit dem Gehverhalten. Angesichts dieses Zusammenhangs sollte das Selbstschema bei der Entwicklung von Bewegungsplänen berücksichtigt werden.
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Acknowledgements
A.J. Romain is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Fonds de Recherche-Santé du Quebec and by a research fund of the University Hospital of Montreal Department of Psychiatry.
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S. St-Amour, A.J. Romain, A. Karelis and A. Abdel-Baki declare that they have no competing interests.
To be included, participants had to be between 18 and 65 years of age, with a diagnosis of severe mental illness (with psychotic features) including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR and established by a certified psychiatrist, and be followed in one of the clinics of the Department of Psychiatry of the CHUM (e.g., first-episode psychosis clinic, patients aligned care team, affective disorders clinic). Participants were referred to our study by their treating psychiatrist. They had to have a sufficient comprehension of French (spoken and written) and their mental health condition stable enough to understand the questionnaires and provide informed consent. Before completing the questionnaires, the study was explained to the participants by a research assistant and gave their consent to participate. In the present study, it was required by the ethics committee that none of the questions and questionnaires should be mandatory. The present protocol was approved by the ethic committee of the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM).
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St-Amour, S., Romain, A.J., Karelis, A. et al. Factors associated with self-reported walking and sedentary behaviours in a study sample of individuals with severe mental illness. Ger J Exerc Sport Res 49, 395–401 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-019-00599-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-019-00599-w