Skip to main content
Log in

Descriptive theory of awareness for groupware development

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

People working in a cooperative manner need to be updated on events and informed about other users and their activities in their workspaces in order to collaborate effectively. It is necessary that group members feel they are part of the group, in particular when they are geographically dispersed. This kind of information is called awareness and it is an important research aspect in the computer supported cooperative work and computer supported collaborative learning areas. Supporting awareness has important, if subtle, benefits, such as increasing the effectiveness of collaborative work, fostering social relationships, and improving the general wellbeing of individuals. To create and define awareness mechanisms in collaborative environments supported by computers is a complex process that includes several steps that need to be considered, focused on understanding characteristics of interdependent group work with the objective of designing adequate computer-based technology to support cooperative work processes. However, in the literature it is so difficult to find out a structured method that allow designers to develop collaborative applications centered on awareness aspects. This paper proposes the definition of a framework that could assist groupware engineers to incorporate awareness mechanisms in their developments. This framework has a methodological proposal or set of phases to follow, as well as a taxonomy that includes the awareness information that should be incorporated to improve the collaborative experience. The paper presents a review of several awareness mechanisms, frameworks and uses proposed in the literature from a software engineering perspective, focusing on the aspects to be considered when designing and implementing awareness mechanisms in groupware tools. A descriptive theory of awareness for the purpose of supporting groupware development is thus generated. Finally, a case study is described using the framework proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Adapted from (Sohlenkamp 1999)

Fig. 2

Adopted from (Gallardo et al. 2018)

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Cooperation entails the division of work to be performed, so that each person is responsible for his or her own portion of work. Members of the group pursue the same goals, but act independently in their own tasks, or perform the same task but in separate parts of the shared context. Collaboration entails the mutual commitment of the participants, as well as a coordinated effort to solve a problem. Collaboration is, therefore, a superior activity in which, in addition to cooperating, the members of the team have to work together on common tasks and towards a common outcome. The result obtained moves through different states to reach a state of final results obtained by the group. In the final product, it is difficult to determine the contribution of each member of the group.

References

  • Abowd GD, Mynatt ED (2000) Charting past, present, and future research in ubiquitous computing. ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 7(1):29–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman MS, Starr B (1995) Social activity indicators: interface components for cscw systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology, ACM, New York, USA, UIST’95, pp 159–168

  • Alarcón R, Fuller D (2002) Intelligent awareness in support of collaborative virtual work groups. In: Haake J, Pino J (eds) Groupware: design, implementation, and use, lecture notes in computer science, vol 2440. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 369–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Alarcón R, Guerrero L, Pino J (2005) Temporal blurring: a privacy model for OMS users. In: Ardissono L, Brna P, Mitrovic A (eds) User Modeling 2005, lecture notes in computer science, vol 3538. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 149–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcazar H, Martinez J, Pantoja W, Collazos C (2014) Method for incorporating awareness mechanisms in driving simulation environments. IEEE Latin Am Trans 2(1):36–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Alegre U, Augusto JC, Evans C (2018) Perspectives on engineering more usable contextaware systems. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 9:1593–1609

    Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez S, Salazar OM, Ovalle DA (2016) A proposal to integrate context-awareness services to enhance CSCL environments based on intelligent agents BT—highlights of practical applications of scalable multi-agent systems. The PAAMS collection. In: International workshops of PAAMS 2016, Sevilla, S, Springer, pp. 407–418

  • Antunes P, Herskovic V, Ochoa SF, Pino JA (2012) Structuring dimensions for collaborative systems evaluation. ACM Comput Surv 44(2):8

    Google Scholar 

  • Antunes P, Herskovic V, Ochoa SF, Pino JA (2014) Reviewing the quality of awareness support in collaborative applications. J Syst Softw 89(1):146–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Baecker RM, Grudin J, Buxton WAS, Greenberg S (1995) Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: Towards the Year 2000, 2nd ed, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker K, Greenberg S, Gutwin C (2001) Heuristic evaluation of groupware based on the mechanics of collaboration. Eng Human-Comput Interact 2254(2001):123–139

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Baldauf M, Dustdar S, Rosenberg F (2007) A survey on context-aware systems. Int J Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput 2(4):263–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannon L (2000) Understanding common information spaces in CSCW. In: Workshop on common information spaces, Copenhagen, August 23–25

  • Begole JB, Tang JC (2007) Incorporating human and machine interpretation of unavailability and rhythm awareness into the design of collaborative applications. Hum-Comput Interact 22(1):7–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Begole JB, Tang JC, Smith RB, Yankelovich N (2002) Work rhythms: analyzing visualizations of awareness histories of distributed groups. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CSCW’02, pp 334–343

  • Belkadi F, Bonjour E, Camargo M, Troussier N, Eynard B (2013) A situation model to support awareness in collaborative design. Int J Hum Comput Stud 71(1):110–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellotti V, Begole B, Chi EH, Ducheneaut N, Fang J, Isaacs E, King T, Newman MW, Partridge K, Price B, Rasmussen P, Roberts M, Schiano DJ, Walendowski A (2008) Activity-based serendipitous recommendations with the magitti mobile leisure guide. In: Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI’08, pp 1157–1166

  • Bibbo L, Giandini R, Pons C (2017) DSL for collaborative systems with awareness. In: Computer conference (CLEI)

  • Blichmann G, Meißner K (2017) Customizing workspace awareness by non-programmers. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI symposium on engineering interactive computing systems, pp. 123–128, ACM

  • Bly SA, Harrison SR, Irwin S (1993) Media spaces: bringing people together in a video, audio, and computing environment. Commun ACM 36(1):28–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Bødker S, Christiansen E (2006) Computer support for social awareness in flexible work. Comput Support Coop Work 15:1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostrom R, Gupta S, Thomas D (2009) A meta-theory for understanding information systems within sociotechnical systems. J Manag Inf Syst 26(1):17–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Botha RA, Eloff JH (2001) Designing role hierarchies for access control in workflow systems. In: Computer software and applications conference, annual international 0:117

  • Brambilla M, Cabot J, Wimmer M (2017) Model-driven software engineering in practice. Synth Lect Softw Eng 3(1):1–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Brézillon P, Borges MRS (2004) Abstract context-awareness in group work: three case studies. In: Proceedings of the international conference on desicion support systems

  • Cadiz J, Venolia GD, Jancke G, Gupta A (2001) Sideshow: providing peripheral awareness of important information. Technical Report MSR-TR-2001-83. Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA

  • Cai G, Yu B (2014) Event-based awareness promotion for distributed collaborative activities, 2014 In: Int. Conf. Collab. Technol. Syst. CTS 2014, pp. 302–309

  • Carroll JM, Neale DC, Isenhour PL, Rosson MB, McCrickard D (2003) Notification and awareness: synchronizing task-oriented collaborative activity. Int J Hum Comput Stud 58(5):605–632

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlton B (2000) Evolution and the cognitive neuroscience of awareness, consciousness and language. Psychiatry Hum Cond 50:7–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Thomas L, Cole J, Chennawasin C (1999) Representing the semantics of virtual spaces. Multimed IEEE 6(2):54 – 63

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherek C, Brocker A, Voelker S, Borchers J (2018) Tangible Awareness: How Tangibles on Tabletops Influence Awareness of Each Other’s Actions. In: CHI 2018, April 21–26, 2018, Montréal, QC, Canada. Paper 298

  • Chung K, Yoo H, Choe DE (2018) Ambient context-based modeling for health risk assessment using deep neural network. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-1033-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn A, Weir P (1999) An investigation of groupware support for collaborative awareness through distortion-oriented views. Int J Hum Comput Interact 11:231–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Collazos C, Guerrero L, Pino J (2003) Knowledge construction awareness. J Stud Cent Learn 1(2):76–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Convertino G, Neale DC, Hobby L, Carroll JM, Rosson MB (2004) A laboratory method for studying activity awareness. In: Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction, pp. 313–322

  • Convertino G, Mentis HM, Slavkovic A, Rosson MB, Carroll JM (2011) Supporting common ground and awareness in emergency management planning: aA design research project. ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 18(4):22

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadlani P, Markopoulos P, Aarts E (2009) Interwining implicit and explicit awareness of wellbeing to support peace of mind and connectedness. AmI LNCS 5859:153–158

    Google Scholar 

  • David J, Borges M (2001) Selectivity of awareness components in asynchronous cscw environments. In: Groupware, 2001. Proceedings seventh international workshop on, pp 115–124

  • David M, Katz A (2016) Emotional awareness: an enhanced computer mediated communication using facial expressions. Soc Netw 5:27–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Decouchant D, Escalada-Imaz G, Martinez Enriquez AM, Mendoza S, Muhammad A (2009) Contextual awareness based communication and coauthoring proximity in the internet. Expert Syst Appl 36(4):8391–8406

    Google Scholar 

  • Digenti D (2002) Teamrooms: tapping the collaborative learning advantage. eLearn 2002(12):4

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillenbourg P, Baker M, Blaye A, O’Malley C (1995) The evolution of research on collaborative learning. In: Spada E, Reiman P (eds) Learning in humans and machine: towards an interdisciplinary learning science. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 189–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Dix A, Finlay J, Abowd G, Beale R (1993) Human–computer interaction. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Dix A, Rodden T, Davies N, Trevor J, Friday A, Palfreyman K (2000) Exploiting space and location as a design framework for interactive mobile systems. ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 7(3):285–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Dourish P (2006) Re-space-ing place: place and space ten years on. In: Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on computer supported cooperative work. ACM, pp 299–308

  • Dourish P, Bellotti V (1992) Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces. In: Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on computer-supported cooperative work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CSCW’92, pp 107–114

  • Drury J, Williams MG (2002) A framework for role-based specification and evaluation of awareness support in synchronous collaborative applications. In: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE international workshops on enabling technologies: infrastructure for collaborative enterprises, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp 12–17

  • Ellis CA, Gibbs SJ, Rein G (1991) Groupware: some issues and experiences. Commun ACM 34(1):39–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (1995) Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum Factors J Hum Factors Ergonom Soc 37:32–64(33)

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (2000) Theoretical underpinnings of situation awareness: a critical review. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, pp 3–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (2015) Situation awareness misconceptions and misunderstandings. J Cogn Eng Decis Mak 9(1):4–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (2016) Designing for situation awareness: an approach to user-centered design. CRC press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Engeström Y (2014) Learning by expanding. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Engeström Y, Lompscher J, Rückriem G (2016) Putting activity theory to work: contributions from developmental work research, vol 13. Lehmanns Media, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson T, Kellogg WA (2000) Social translucence: an approach to designing systems that support social processes. ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 7(1):59–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa A, Cadiz J, Rico-Gutierrez L, Kraut R, Scherlis W, Lautenbacher G (2000) Coming to the wrong decision quickly: why awareness tools must be matched with appropriate tasks. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI’00, pp 392–399

  • Farooq U, Carroll JM, Ganoe CH (2007) Supporting creativity with awareness in distributed collaboration. In: Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on supporting group work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, GROUP’07, pp 31–40

  • Ferscha A, Beer W, Narzt W (2001) Location awareness in community wireless lans. Tech. rep. University of Linz, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueroa-Martinez J, Gutiérez-Vela F, López-Jaquero V, González P (2011) Usixml extension for awareness support. In: Campos P, Graham N, Jorge J, Nunes N, Palanque P, Winckler M (eds) Human-computer interaction INTERACT 2011, lecture notes in computer science, vol 6949. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 665–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish RS, Kraut RE, Root RW, Rice RE (1993) Video as a technology for informal communication. Commun ACM 36(1):48–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzpatrick G, Ellingsen G (2013) A review of 25 years of CSCW research in healthcare: contributions, challenges and future agendas. Comput Support Coop Work 22(4–6):609–665

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs L, Pankoke-Babatz U, Prinz W (1995) Supporting cooperative awareness with local event mechanisms: the groupdesk system. In: Proceedings of the 4th European conference on computer-supported cooperative work (ECSCW’95)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fussell SR, Kraut RE, Lerch FJ, Scherlis WL, McNally MM, Cadiz JJ (1998) Coordination, overload and team performance: effects of team communication strategies. In: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CSCW’98, pp 275–284

  • Gabbott M, Hogg G (2000) An empirical investigation of the impact of non-verbal communication on service evaluation. Eur J Mark 34(3/4):384–398 Iss

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallardo J, Molina AI, Bravo C, Redondo MA, Collazos CA (2011) An ontological conceptualization approach for awareness in domain-independent collaborative modeling systems: application to a model-driven development method. Expert Syst Appl 38(2):1099–1118

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallardo J, Bravo C, Redondo MA (2012) A model-driven development method for collaborative modeling tools. J Netw Comput Appl 35(3):1086–1105

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallardo J, Molina AI, Bravo C, Redondo MA (2013) A model-driven and task-oriented method for the development of collaborative systems. J Netw Comput Appl 36(6):1551–1565

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallardo J, Bravo C, Molina AI (2018) A framework for the descriptive specification of awareness support in multimodal user interfaces for collaborative activities. J Multimodal User Interfaces 12(2):145–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia O, Favela J, Machorro R (1999) Emotional awareness in collaborative systems. In: String processing and information retrieval symposium, 1999 and international workshop on groupware, pp 296–303

  • Garrido JL, Gea M, Rodríguez ML (2005) Engineering in cooperative systems. Requirements engineering for sociotechnical systems. IGI Global, Hershey, pp 226–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaver WW (1991) Sound support for collaboration. In: Proceedings of the second conference on European conference on computer-supported cooperative work, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA, pp 293–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Georg G, Mussbacher G, Amyot D, Petriu D, Troup L, Lozano-Fuentes S, France R, .Ghadirian H, Ayub AFM, Silong AD, Bakar KBA, Hosseinzadeh M (2015) Synergy between activity theory and goal/scenario modeling for requirements elicitation, analysis, and evolution. Inf Softw Technol 59:109–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghadirian H, Ayub AFM, Silong AD, Bakar KBA, Hosseinzadeh M (2016) Group awareness in computer-supported collaborative learning environments. Int Educ Stud 9(2):120–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilchrist A (2009) The well-connected community: a networking approach to community development. The Policy Press, Bristol

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman SV (1992) Computer resources for supporting student conversations about science concepts. SIGCUE Outlook 21(3):4–7

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg S (1996) Peepholes: low cost awareness of one’s community. In: Conference companion on human factors in computing systems: common ground, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI’96, pp 206–207

  • Greenberg S, Gutwin C (2016) Implications of we-awareness to the design of distributed groupware tools. Comput Support Coop Work 25(4–5):279–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg S, Guwtin C, Cockburn A (1996) Awareness through fisheye views in relaxed-WYSIWIS groupware. Graphics Interface 96:28–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross T (2013) Supporting effortless coordination: 25 years of awareness research. Comput Support Coop Work: CSCW 22(4–6):425–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross T, Prinz W (2004) Modelling shared contexts in cooperative environments: concept, implementation, and evaluation. Comput Support Coop Work 13(3):283–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross T, Stary C, Totter A (2005) User-centered awareness in computer-supported cooperative work-systems: structured embedding of findings from social sciences. Int J Hum Comput Interact 18(3):323–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerrero L, Pino J, Collazos C (2003) Knowledge construction awareness. J Stud-Cent Learn 1(3):77–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutwin C, Greenberg S (1998) Effects of awareness support on groupware usability. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., New York, NY, USA, CHI’98, pp 511–518

  • Gutwin C, Greenberg S (2002) A descriptive framework of workspace awareness for real-time groupware. Comput Support Coop Work 11(3):411–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutwin C, Greenberg S, Roseman M (1996a) Staying aware in groupware workspaces. In: Proceedings of Video ACM CSCW 1996 conference of computer supported collaborative work, ACM Press, Boston, USA, videotype and two page summary

  • Gutwin C, Roseman M, Greenberg S (1996b) A usability study of awareness widgets in a shared workspace groupware system. In: ACM conference on computer supported cooperative, vol. Computer S, pp. 258–267

  • Gutwin C, Penner R, Schneider K (2004) Group awareness in distributed software development. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work (pp. 72–81). ACM

  • Gutwin C, Greenberg S, Blum R, Dyck J, Tee K, McEwan G (2008) Supporting informal collaboration in shared-workspace groupware. J Univers Comput Sci 14(9):1411–1434

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutwin C, Barjawi M, Pinelle D (2016) The emergence of high-speed interaction and coordination in a (formerly) turn-based groupware game. In: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on supporting group work, pp. 277–286, ACM

  • Guzman E, Bruegge B (2013) Towards emotional awareness in software development teams. Paper presented at the 2013 9th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT

  • Haake JM (2000) Structural computing in the collaborative work domain? Open hypermedia systems and structural computing, lecture notes in computer science, vol 1903. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 303–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Häkkinen P, Arvaja M, Mäkitalo K (2004) Prerequisites for CSCL: research approaches, methodological challenges and pedagogical development. In: Littleton K, Faulkner D, Miell D (eds) Learning to collaborate and collaborating to learn. Nova Science, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Halskov K, Hansen NB (2015) The diversity of participatory design research practice at PDC 2002–2012. Int J Hum Comput Stud 74:81–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison S, Dourish P (1996) Re-place-ing space: the roles of place and space in collaborative systems. In: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CSCW’96, pp 67–76

  • Henderson DA Jr, Card S (1986) Rooms: the use of multiple virtual workspaces to reduce space contention in a window-based graphical user interface. ACM Trans Graph 5(3):211–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill J, Gutwin C (2004) The MAUI toolkit: groupware widgets for group awareness. Comput Support Coop Work 13(5–6):539–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinze-Hoare V (2006) Cscr: computer supported collaborative research. arXiv:cs/0611042 (preprint)

  • Horvitz E, Koch P, Kadie CM, Jacobs A (2002) Coordinate: probabilistic forecasting of presence and availability. In: Proceedings of the conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence (UAI), AAAI Press, pp 224–233

  • Idrus Z, Abidin SZZ, Hashim R, Omar N (2010) Social awareness: The power of digital elements in collaborative environment. WSEAS Trans Comput 9(6):644–653

    Google Scholar 

  • Ijsselsteijn W, Riva G (2003) Being there: the experience of presence in mediated environments. Emerg Commun 5:3.16

    Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal ST, Horvitz E (2010) Notifications and awareness: a field study of alert usage and preferences. In: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CSCW’10, pp 27–30

  • Isaacs E, Walendowski A, Ranganathan D (2002) Hubbub: a sound-enhanced mobile instant messenger that supports awareness and opportunistic interactions. In Proceedings of CHI ‘02: ACM conference on human factors in computing systems, Minneapolis, (USA), New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 179–186

  • Izquierdo L, Damian D (2005) An awareness mechanism in support of eclipse to improve requirements change propagation. In: Proceedings of CASCON 2005, Canada

  • Jang CY, Steinfield C, Pfaff B (2002) Virtual team awareness and groupware support: an evaluation of the teamscope system. Int J Hum Comput Stud 56(1):109–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvenpaa SL, Leidner DE (1998) Communication and trust in global virtual teams. J Comput-Mediat Commun 3(4):0–0

    Google Scholar 

  • Jermann P, Soller A, Muehlenbrock M (2001) From mirroring to guiding: a review of state of the art technology for supporting collaborative learning. In: Proceedings of the first European conference on computer-supported collaborative learning, pp 324–331

  • Johansen R (1988) Groupware: computer support for business teams. The Free Press, Mankato

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim S, Yoon YI (2018) Ambient intelligence middleware architecture based on awareness-cognition framework. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 9:1131–1139

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirsch-Pinheiro M, Villanova-Oliver M, Gensel J, Martin H (2005) Bw-m: a framework for awareness support in web-based groupware systems. In: Computer supported cooperative work in design, 2005. Proceedings of the ninth international conference on, vol 1, pp 240–246

  • Kitchenham BA (2004) Procedures for performing systematic reviews, vol 33 Keele University, Keele pp 1–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchenham BA, Dyba T, Jorgensen M (2004) Evidence-based software engineering. In: Proceedings of the 26th international conference on software engineering, pp. 273–281, IEEE Computer Society

  • Kitchenham BA, Budgen D, Brereton OP (2011) Using mapping studies as the basis for further research—a participant-observer case study. Inf Softw Technol 53(6):638–651

    Google Scholar 

  • Kofod-petersen A (2006) Using activity theory to model context awareness. In: Modeling and retrieval of context, Springer, Berlin, pp. 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Koschmann T (1996) CSCL: theory and practice of an emerging paradigm. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraut R, Egidio C, Galegher J (1990) Patterns of contact and communication in scientific research collaboration. In: Intellectual teamwork: social and technological foundations of cooperative work. LEA Press, pp. 149–181

  • Kreijns K, Kirschner PA (2002) Group awareness widgets for enhancing social interaction in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: design and implementation. In: Frontiers in Education, 2002, Vol. 1, IEEE

  • Kreijns K, Kirschner PA, Jochems W (2003) Identifying the pitfalls for social interaction in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: a review of the research. Comput Hum Behav 19(3):335–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwon GH, Lee YS, Kumar M (2011) The tree of knowledge: a localized collective intelligence tool. In: Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on computer supported cooperative work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CSCW’11, pp 665–668

  • Lai J, Yoshihama S, Bridgman T, Podlaseck M, Chou P, Wong D (2003) Myteam: availability awareness through the use of sensor data. In: Proceedings of interact 2003 human computer interaction, Press, pp 503–510

  • Lambropoulos N, Faulkner X, Culwin F (2012) Supporting social awareness in collaborative e-learning. Br J Edu Technol 43(2):295–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus R, Kanner A, Folkman S (1980) Emotions: theory, research and experience. Academic Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee CP, Paine D (2015) From the matrix to a model of coordinated action (MoCA): a conceptual framework of and for CSCW. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing, pp. 179–194, ACM

  • Li J, Greenberg S, Sharlin E (2017) A two-sided collaborative transparent display supporting workspace awareness. Int J Hum Comput Stud 101:23–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Limbourg Q, Vanderdonckt J, Michotte B, Bouillon L, López-Jaquero V (2005) Usixml: a language supporting multi-path development of user interfaces. In: Bastide R, Palanque P, Roth J (eds) Engineering human computer interaction and interactive systems, lecture notes in computer science, vol 3425. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 134–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez G, Guerrero LA (2017) Awareness supporting technologies used in collaborative systems—a systematic literature review. In: Proc. 2017 ACM Conf. Comput. Support. Coop. Work Soc. Comput.-CSCW’17, pp. 808–820

  • López G, Guerrero LA (2014) Notifications for collaborative documents editing. In: International conference on ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence, pp. 80–87, Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • López de Ipiña D, Vázquez JI, Abaitua J (2006) A context-aware mobile mash-up for ubiquitous web. In: Proc. 2nd international workshop UCAmI 2006, pp. 19–34

  • Lynch KJ, Snyder JM, Vogel DM, McHenry WK (1990) The arizona analyst information system: supporting collaborative research on international technological trends. In: Gibbs S, Verrijn-Stuart AA (eds) Multi-user interfaces and applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 159–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark G (2002) Conventions and commitments in distributed cscw groups. Comput Support Coop Work 11(3):349–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Markopoulos P, Ruyter B, MacKay W (2007) Introduction to this special issue on awareness systems design. Hum-Comput Interact 22:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez J, Vela F, Collazos C (2010) Awareness models for the development of ubiquitous systems. In: Augusto J, Corchado J, Novais P, Analide C (eds) Ambient intelligence and future trends-international symposium on ambient intelligence (ISAmI 2010), advances in intelligent and soft computing, vol 72, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 237–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews T, Rattenbury T, Carter S (2007) Defining, designing, and evaluating peripheral displays: an analysis using activity theory. Hum-Comput Interact 22(1):221–261

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane DC (1999) Coordinating the interruptions of people in human-computer interaction, HCI. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 295–303

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrenere J, Li J, Lo J, Litani E (2010) Designing effective notifications for collaborative development environments. In: Chignell M, Cordy J, Ng J, Yesha Y (eds) The smart internet. Springer, Berlin, pp 65–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Mealla S, Väljamäe A, Bosi M, Jordà S (2011) Listening to your brain: implicit interaction in collaborative music performances. In: Proc. international conference on new interfaces for musical expression (NIME 2011): 149–154

  • Mittleman DD, Briggs RO, Murphy J, Davis A (2008) Toward a taxonomy of groupware technologies. In: International workshop of groupware, pp. 305–317, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina AI, Redondo M, Ortega M (2009a) A methodological approach for user interface development of collaborative applications: a case study. Sci Comput Program 74(9):754–776

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Molina AI, Redondo MA, Ortega M (2009b) A review of notations for conceptual modeling of groupware systems. In: New trends on human–computer interaction. Springer, London, pp 75–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina AI, Gallardo J, Redondo MA, Ortega M, Giraldo WJ (2013) Metamodel-driven definition of a visual modeling language for specifying interactive groupware applications: an empirical study. J Syst Softw 86(7):1772–1789

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina AI, Gallardo J, Redondo MA, Bravo C (2015) Assessing the awareness mechanisms of a collaborative programming support system. Dyna 82(193):212–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Montero F, López-Jaquero V, Vanderdonckt J, González P, Lozano M, Limbourg Q (2006) Solving the mapping problem in user interface design by seamless integration in idealxml. In: Gilroy S, Harrison M (eds) Interactive systems. Design, specification, and verification, lecture notes in computer science, vol 3941. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 161–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Nacenta MA, Pinelle D, Stuckel D, Gutwin C (2007) The effects of interaction technique on coordination in tabletop groupware. In: Proceedings of graphics interface 2007, pp. 191–198

  • Nijholt A, Heylen D, de Ruyter B, Saini P (2006) Social user interfaces. In: True visions. Springer, Berlin, pp 275–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu S, McCrickard DS, Harrison S (2017) Investigating notifications and awareness for multi-user multi-touch tabletop displays. In: Bernhaupt R, Dalvi G, Joshi A, Balkrishan DK, O’Neill J, Winckler M (eds). Springer, Cham, pp 223–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Nonaka I, Takeuchi H (1995) The knowledge creation company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Nova N (2004) Socio-cognitive functions of space in collaborative settings: a literature review about space, cognition and collaboration. EPFL Technical Report IC/2004/81. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Laussane

  • Obrist M, Velasco C, Vi C, Ranasinghe N, Israr A, Cheok A, Spence C, Gopalakrishnakone P (2016) Sensing the future of HCI: touch, taste, and smell user interfaces. Interactions 23(5):40–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Oemig C, Gross T (2017) How to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of coordination and awareness support systems. In: Mensch und Computer 2017-Workshopband

  • Ogata H, Yano Y, Furugori N, Jin Q (2001) Computer supported social networking for augmenting cooperation. Comput Support Coop Work 10(2):189–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostwald JL (1996) Knowledge construction in software development: the evolving artifact approach. PhD thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

  • Palen L, Dourish P (2003) Unpacking privacy for a networked world. In: Proceedings of the ACM conference on human factors in computing systems CHI 2003, Fort Lauderdale, FL, New York: ACM, pp. 129–136

  • Paul H, Beyer L (2002) Video conferencing and application sharing: routes to awareness. Int J Hum-Comput Interact 14(2):237–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen ER, Sokoler T (1997) Aroma: abstract representation of presence supporting mutual awareness. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI’97, pp 51–58

  • Penichet VM, Lozano MD, Gallud JA, Tesoriero R (2007a) Task modelling for collaborative systems. In: International workshop on task models and diagrams for user interface design (pp. 287–292). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Penichet VM, Marin I, Gallud JA, Lozano MD, Tesoriero R (2007b) A Classification Method for CSCW Systems. Electr Notes Theor Comput Sci 168:237–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Penichet VM, Lozano MD, Gallud JA, Tesoriero R (2009) Requirement gathering templates for groupware applications. In: Macías J, Granollers T, Saltiveri A, Latorre PM (eds) New trends on human-computer interaction, Springer, London, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen K, Vakkalanka S, Kuzniarz L (2015) Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: an update. Inf Softw Technol 64:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinelle D, Gutwin C (2002) Groupware walkthrough: adding context to groupware usability evaluation. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp. 455–462

  • Pinelle D, Gutwin C (2008) Evaluating teamwork support in tabletop groupware applications using collaboration usability analysis. Pers Ubiquitous Comput 12(3):237–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulovassilis A, Xhafa F (2013) Building event-based services for awareness in P2P groupware systems. In: 2013 Eighth international conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, cloud and internet computing, pp. 200–207

  • Reddy MC, Dourish P, Pratt W (2001) Coordinating heterogeneous work: information and representation in medical care. In: Proceedings of the seventh conference on European conference on computer supported cooperative work, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA, pp 239–258

  • Reis RCD, Isotani S, Rodriguez CL, Lyra KT, Jaques PA, Bittencourt II (2018) Affective states in computer-supported collaborative learning: studying the past to drive the future. Comput Educ 120:29–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittenbruch M (2002) Atmosphere: a framework for contextual awareness. Int J Hum-Comput Interact 14(2):159–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittenbruch M (2011) Active awareness: supporting the intentional disclosure of awareness information in collaborative systems PhD Thesis, School of Information Technol and Elec Engineering, The University of Queensland

  • Rittenbruch M, McEwan G (2009) An historical reflection of awareness in collaboration. In: Awareness systems. Springer, London, pp 3–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodenstein RA, Donath JS (2000) Talking in circles: a spatially-grounded social environment. In: Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CSCW’00, pp 81–88

  • Romero M, Tricot A, Mariné C (2009) Effects of a context awareness tool on students’ cognition of their team-mates learning time in a distance learning project activity. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL’09), vol. 1, pp. 641–645

  • Rubart J, Dawabi P (2004) Shared data modeling with UML-G. Int J Comput Appl Technol 19(3–4):231–243

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Saner L, Bolstad C, Gonzalez C, Cuevas H (2010) Predicting shared situation awareness in teams: a case of differential SA requirements. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, September 1, 2010 54: 314–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Saparova D, Basic J, Kibaru F (2011) Exploring the usefulness of awareness widgets in online shared workspaces: a preliminary case study. In: Proceedings of the association for information science and technology, 48(1):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilit B, Hilbert D, Trevor J (2002) Context-aware communication. wireless communications. IEEE 9(5):46–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlichter J, Koch M, Bürger M (1998) Workspace awareness for distributed teams. In: Conen W, Neumann G (eds) Coordination technology for collaborative applications, lecture notes in computer science, vol 1364. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 199–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt A (2000) Implicit computer-human interaction through context. Pers Ubiquitous Comput 4(2–3):191–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt K (2002) The problem with’awareness’: introductory remarks on’awareness in cscw’. Comput Support Coop Work 11(3):285–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt K (2011) Cooperative work and coordinative practices. In: Cooperative work and coordinative practices, computer supported cooperative work. Springer, London, pp 3–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt K, Bannon L (2013) Constructing CSCW: the first quarter century. Comput Support Coop Work 22(4–6):345–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz U, Vandenbosch B (1998) Information overload in a groupware environment: now you see it, now you don’t. J Organ Comput Electr Commerce 8(2):127–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Shadbolt N (2003) Ambient intelligence. IEEE Intell Syst 18(4):2–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen H, Sun C (2002) Flexible notification for collaborative systems. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, pp. 77–86, ACM

  • Sohlenkamp M (1999) Supporting group awareness in multi-user environments through perceptualization. Tech. Rep. 6, European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics

  • Stahl G, Koschmann T, Suthers D (2006) Computer-supported collaborative learning: an historical perspective. In: Sawyer RK (ed) Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 409–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefik M, Bobrow DG, Foster G, Lanning S, Tatar D (1987) WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces. ACM Trans Inf Syst 5(2):147–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinfield C, Jang CY, Pfaff B (1999) Supporting virtual team collaboration: the teamscope system. In: Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on supporting group work, ACM, New York, NY, USA, GROUP’99

  • Steinmacher I, Chaves AP, Gerosa MA (2013) Awareness support in distributed software development: a systematic review and mapping of the literature. Comput Support Coop Work 22(2–3):113–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumi Y, Mase K (2000) Supporting awareness of shared interests and experiences in community. Int J Hum Comput Stud 56:127–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers D, Weiner A, Connelly J, Paolucci M (1995) Belvedere: engaging students in critical discussion of science and public policy issues. AI-Ed 95:266–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Talaei-Khoei A, Vichitvanichphong S, Solvoll T, Ray P, Ghapanchi AH (2014a) A methodology to develop awareness in computer supported collaborative work using policies. J Comput Syst Sci 80(7):1323–1338

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Talaei-Khoei A, Vichitvanichphong S, Solvoll T, Ray P, Ghapanchi AH (2014b) A methodology to develop awareness in computer supported collaborative work using policies. J Comput Syst Scie 80(7):1323–1338

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tam J, Greenberg S (2006) A framework for asynchronous change awareness in collaborative documents and workspaces. Int J Hum Comput Stud 64(7):583–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang TY, Winoto P, Leung H (2014) A usability study of an educational groupware system: supporting awareness for collaboration. J Educ Comput Res 50(3):379–402

    Google Scholar 

  • Teasley S, Covi L, Krishnan M, Olson J (2000) How does radical collocation help a team succeed? In: CSCW’00, December 2–6

  • Tee K, Greenberg S, Gutwin C (2006) Providing artifact awareness to a distributed group through screen sharing. In: Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on computer supported cooperative work (CSCW 2006), ACM New York, pp. 99–108

  • Tee K, Greenberg S, Gutwin C (2009) Artifact awareness through screen sharing for distributed groups, Int J Hum Comput Stud 67(9):677–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenenberg J, Roth WM, Socha D (2016) From I-awareness to we-awareness in CSCW. Comput Support Coop Work 25(4–5):235–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Teruel MA, Navarro E, Lopez-Jaquero V, Montero F, Gonzalez P (2014) A design pattern for representing workspace awareness. Paper presented at the proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 18th international conference on computer supported cooperative work in design, CSCWD 2014, pp. 678–683

  • Teruel MA, Navarro E, González P, López-Jaquero V, Montero F (2016) Applying thematic analysis to define an awareness interpretation for collaborative computer games. Inf Softw Technol 74:17–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Teruel MA, Navarro E, López-Jaquero V, Montero F, González P (2017) A comprehensive framework for modeling requirements of CSCW systems. J Softw Evol Process 29(5):1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Teufel S, Teufel B (1995) Bridging information technology and business-some modelling aspects. ACM SIGOIS Bull 16(1):13–17, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari DK (2016) Evolution of groupware: a boon for business in group environment. Int J Innov Res Dev 5(8)

  • Tollmar K, Sandor O, Schömer A (1996) Supporting social awareness @ work design and experience. In: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work (CSCW ‘96), Boston, MA, USA, ACM

  • Tran MH, Raikundalia GK, Yang Y (2003) Methodologies and mechanism design in group awareness support for internet-based real-time distributed collaboration BT—web technologies and applications. In: 5th Asia-Pacific web conference, APWeb 2003, Xian, China, April 23–25, 2003 Proceedings, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 357–369

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tran MH, Raikundalia GK, Yang Y (2006a) Using an experimental study to develop group awareness support for real-time distributed collaborative writing. Inf Softw Technol 48(11):1006–1024

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran MH, Yang Y, Raikundalia GK (2006b) Extended radar view and modification director: awareness mechanisms for synchronous collaborative authoring. Conf Res Pract Inf Technol Ser 50:35–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuddenham P, Robinson P (2009) Territorial coordination and workspace awareness in remote tabletop collaboration, CHI-09. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on humab computer interaction, pp. 2139–2148

  • Tufte ER (1990) Envisioning information. Graphics Press, Cheshire

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Aalst WM, Kumar A (2001) A reference model for team-enabled workflow management systems. Data Knowl Eng 38(3):335–363

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Aalst W, Ter Hofstede A, Kiepuszewski B, Barros A (2003) Workflow patterns. Distributed parallel databases 14(1):5–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Welie M, van der Veer GC (2003) Groupware task analysis. In: Hollnagel E (ed) Handbook of cognitive task design. LEA, New Jersey, pp 447–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Welie M, Van der Veer GC, Eliëns A (1998) An ontology for task world models. In: Design, specification and verification of interactive systems’ 98. Springer, Vienna, pp 57–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Villegas ML, Collazos CA, Giraldo WJ, González JM (2016) Activity theory as a framework for activity taxonomy in HCI. IEEE Latin Am Trans 14(2):844–857

    Google Scholar 

  • Voida SDE, Macintyre B, Corso GM (2002) Integrating virtual and physical context to support knowledge workers. IEEE Pervasive Comput 1:73–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellman B, Gulia M (1999) Net-surfers don’t ride alone: virtual communities as communities. Westview Press, Boulder, pp 331–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker S, Frohlich D, Daly-Jones O (1994) Informal workplace communication: what is it like and how might we support it? In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI’94, pp 131–137

  • Willaert K, Lou Z, Van Broeck S, Van Den Broeck M, Jacobs A (2012) Evaluating PresenceScape: a 3D virtual world application to support social awareness and informal communication in distributed teams. Paper presented at the proceedings of the ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, CSCW, pp. 247–250

  • Wuertz J, Alharthi SA, Hamilton WA, Bateman S, Gutwin C, Tang A, Hammer J (2018) A design framework for awareness cues in distributed multiplayer games

  • Xhafa F, Poulovassilis P (2010) Requirements for Distributed Event-Based Awareness in P2P Groupware Systems. In: 24th IEEE international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops, WAINA 2010, Perth, Australia, 20–13 April 2010

  • Xiao L (2013) The effects of a shared free form rationale space in collaborative learning activities. J Syst Softw 86(7):1727–1737

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang SJH (2006) Context aware ubiquitous learning environments for peer-to-peer collaborative learning. J Educ Technol Soc 9(1):188–201

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Yao JT, Manuele KP, Carrillo-Ramos A, Villanova-Oliver M, Gensel J, Berbers Y (2010) Context-aware adaptation in web-based groupware systems. In: Web-based support systems, advanced information and knowledge processing. Springer, London, pp 3–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan X, She M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu X (2016) Mutual awareness: Enhanced by interface design and improving team performance in incident diagnosis under computerized working environment. Int J Ind Ergon 54:65–72

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the following contracts: TIN2015-67149-C3-1-R, TIN2015-67149-C3-3-R, and TIN2015-66731-C2-2-R, and also by the Aragonese Governement (Group T25_17D) and the UE through the FEDER 2014–2020 “Construyendo Europa desde Aragón” action.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jesús Gallardo.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Collazos, C.A., Gutiérrez, F.L., Gallardo, J. et al. Descriptive theory of awareness for groupware development. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 10, 4789–4818 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-1165-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-1165-9

Keywords

Navigation