Abstract
The effects of space weather on ground based technology mostly occur due to the varying geomagnetic field during geomagnetic storms, producing geomagnetically induced current (GIC). Space weather storms involve intense and rapidly varying electric currents in the ionosphere, which create geoelectric and geomagnetic fields at the Earth’s surface. In this study we have investigated some intense geomagnetic storms: September 18th, 2000; March 31th, 2001; October 21st, 2001; November 6th and 24th, 2001; October 29th and 31st, 2003 and November 9th, 2004. The electric field for each day has been computed using ground conductivity and geomagnetic recordings. The conductivity models are determined by least square fit between the observed and predicted GIC values. Our results show that GIC are strongly correlated with the geoelectric field, and also with eastward and westward auroral electrojet indices and time derivatives of the horizontal geomagnetic field. Root mean square error statistical test has been employed to evaluate the accuracy of the models used.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D Boteler, R Pirjola and H Nevanlinna Adv. Space Res. 22 17 (1998)
D N Baker, A J Klimas, R L McPherron and J Buechner J. Geophys. Res. 17 41 (1990)
Y Kamide and W Baumjohann J. Chem. Phys. 23 178 (1993)
M P Freeman, N W Watkins and D J Riley J. Geophys. Res. 27 1087 (2000)
G Consolini and P De Michelis J. Geophys. Res. 32 1029 (2005)
A Viljanen and R Pijola J. Surv. Geophys. 15 383 (1994)
R Pirjola IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28 1869 (2000)
R Pirjola J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 64 1967 (2002)
R Pirjola and A Viljanen Ann. Geophys. 16 1434 (1998)
M Lehtinen and R Pirjola Ann. Geophys. 3 479 (1985)
A Pulkkinen, R Pirjola, D Boteler, A Viljanen and I Yegerov J. App. Geophys. 48 233 (2001)
P Hejda and J Bochnicek Ann. Geophys. 23 3089 (2005)
A Pulkkinen, A Viljanen, K Pajunpaa and R Pirjola J. App. Geophys. 48 221 (2001b)
L Trichtchenko and D H Boteler IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 32 1459 (2004)
M Wik, A Viljanen, R Pirjola, A Pulkkinen, P Wintoft and H Lundstedt Space Weather 6 456 (2008)
J Watermann Ann. Geophys. 5 269 (2007)
J Koen and T Gaunt IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 23 97 (2002)
B H Ahn, B A Emery, H W Kroehl and Y Kamide J. Geophys. Res. 104 10031 (1999)
W Baumjohann Adv. Space Res. 10 55 (1983)
L F Bargatze, D N Baker, L McPherron and E W Hones J. Geophys. Res. 90 6387 (1985)
D Vassiliadis, A J Klimas, D N Baker and D A Roberts, J. Geophys. Res. 100 3495 (1985)
M Mareschal Surv. Geophys. 8 261 (1986)
J R Wait and K P Spices Can. J. Phys. 27 2731 (1969).
R Pirjola J. Geophys. Res., 18 1 (1982)
A Viljanen, A Pulkkinen, O Amm, R Pirjola, T Korja and BEAR Working Group Ann. Geophys. 22 101 (2004)
A Viljanen IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 13 1285 (1998)
A Viljanen, H Nevanlinna, K Pajunpaa and A Pulkkinen Ann. Geophys. 19 1107 (2001)
D P S Chauhan, D P Tiwari, A K Tripathi, S K Pandey and S C Dubey Indian J. Phys. 84 881 (2010).
A Raizada, S Kumar and S Khare Indian J. Phys. 84 183 (2010).
J L Kisabeth and G Rostoker J. Geophys Res. 78 5573 (1973)
L P Bolduc, D Langlois, D Boteler and R Pirjola IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 15 272 (2000)
A Viljanen, O Amm, R and R Pirjola J. Geophys. Res. 104 28 (1999)
A Viljanen J. Geophys. Res. 24 631 (1997)
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the World Data Centre (WDC) for geomagnetism, and Space Physics Interactive Data Resources (SPIDR) for AL and AU indices data. We would also like to thank Dr Ari Viljanen, from the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Space Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland, for the efficient and cheerful provision of geomagnetic field and geomagnetically Induced Current data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Falayi, E.O., Beloff, N. Modelling of geomagnetically induced currents during geomagnetic storms using geoelectric fields and auroral electrojet indices. Indian J Phys 86, 423–429 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-012-0108-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-012-0108-0