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Application of Statistical Parameters to Analyse the Performance of PWM Techniques in 3-Level Inverter-Based Compensator for Power Quality Improvement

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Abstract

This paper evaluates the performance of various PWM techniques for a 3-level inverter-based shunt active power filter by statistical parameters. It is well stated in the literature that the uses of power electronics-based devices create several power quality problems, such as poor power factor, harmonics in source current, poor voltage regulation, etc. Shunt active filters effectively alleviate these issues. A 3-level inverter, as a compensator depletes the harmonics in a single-phase grid-tied system. Level-shift, phase-shift, and hybrid PWM techniques generate switching pulses for 3-level inverter operation. These PWM techniques are compared for harmonic distortion at the source current, input power factor, and active filtering efficiency by statistical parameters such as mean squared error, root-mean-squared error, mean absolute deviation, mean absolute percentage error, standard deviation, variance, mean absolute error, and mean relative error. The above statistical parameters have been used to determine the optimum PWM technique for shunt active power filter operation. It is revealed from the results that for the PS PWM technique, the MSE is found to be less, i.e., 0.049441, and also has a low THD, i.e., 1.22% in source current. The behaviour of these PWM schemes is analysed through MATLAB/Simulink 2021b software. This paper contributes extensive information on PWM schemes for 3-level inverter-based compensator. It will help to comprehend various aspects of the power quality of a single-phase distribution system.

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Abbreviations

V S :

Source voltage

I S :

Source current

I L :

Load current

V PCC :

Voltage at point of common coupling

I C :

Compensator current

L f :

Interfacing inductor

C dc :

DC-link capacitor

V dc :

DC-link voltage

PD:

Phase disposition

PWM:

Pulse width modulation

POD:

Phase opposition disposition

PS:

Phase shift

IPF:

Input power factor

PQ:

Power quality

THD:

Total harmonic distortion

CHB:

Cascade H -bridge

MLI:

Multilevel Inverter

APF:

Active power filter

SAPF:

Shunt active power filter

MSE:

Mean squared error

RMSE:

Root-mean-squared error

MAD:

Mean absolute deviation

MAPE:

Mean absolute percentage error

SD:

Standard deviation

Var:

Variance

MAE:

Mean absolute error

MRE:

Mean relative error

AFE:

Active filtering efficiency

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110036, India

    Nikhil Agrawal & Tirupathiraju Kanumuri

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India

    Anshul Agarwal

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  1. Nikhil Agrawal
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Appendix

Appendix

Calculation of compensator parameter (a) DC-link capacitor [46], (b) Interfacing Inductor [47], and (c) DC-link reference voltage [48]

Compensator parameter

Formula used

Value calculated

DC-link reference voltage (Vdc)

\(V_{{\text{dc}}\_{\text{ref}}} = \frac{{2\sqrt {2} V_S }}{{\sqrt {3} M_a }}\)

VS = 110 V, Ma = 1, calculated Vdc-ref = 179.629 V, Hence the value of Vdc_ref is chosen as 200 V

Interfacing inductor (Lf)

\(L_f = \frac{{\frac{{V_{{\text{dc}}\_{\text{ref}}} }}{{\sqrt {2} }} - \frac{V_S }{{\sqrt {2} }}}}{{\sum_{n = 2}^{19} {n \times w \times I_{nh} } }}\)

Vdc_ref = 200 V, and \(V_S\) = 110 V, the harmonic profile of load current is obtained from simulation and Lf = 5.81 mH and chosen as 6 mH. View full size image

DC-link capacitor (Cdc)

\(C_{{\text{dc}}} = \frac{KV_S I_C T}{{2\left( {V_{{\text{dc}}\_{\text{ref}}}^2 - V_{{\text{dc}}}^2 } \right)}}\)

VS = 110 V, T = 0.02 s, K is over loading factor = 1.2, Vdc_ref = 200 V and Vdc = 180 V (consider 10% drop in voltage for dynamic state), IC = 10 A, Cdc = 1736 μF and Cdc is taken as 1800 μF

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Agrawal, N., Agarwal, A. & Kanumuri, T. Application of Statistical Parameters to Analyse the Performance of PWM Techniques in 3-Level Inverter-Based Compensator for Power Quality Improvement. MAPAN (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-023-00734-x

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