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Spatio-temporal analysis and determination of the ecological niche model of Giardia Lamblia (Lambl, 1859) in Ardabil province, northwestern Iran

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Abstract

Intestinal parasites have a serious health problem and frequently infect children in poor urban areas in developing countries. Some types of Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba and Giardia are amongst the most prevalent ones. The aim of this study was explore the distribution pattern of intestinal parasites and the ecological niche of Giardia lamblia in Ardabil Province. This was retrospective cross-sectional study, the officially registered statistics of health centers and hospitals in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to December 2019 were used. The Kriging interpolation analysis was run to detect the high-risk areas of the disease in the province (P < 0.05) by ArcGIS10.4.1 and to construct the ecological niche model of the G.lamblia parasite, analyzed by Maxent3.3 software. Totally of 238 cases of intestinal parasite were reported during the study period, 77.7% of which were males and 22.3% females. Seven types of intestinal parasites were prevalent with G.lamblia species (79.4%) being the most and Entamoeba histolytica species (4%) the least prevalent one. There was one hotspot in the province in the center with an incidence risk of 41–45.5%. The most important climate and environmental factors affecting the ecological niche of G.lamblia are Bio16, Bio3, and the NDVI. G.lamblia is the most prevalent intestinal parasite in Ardabil Province; moreover, one important hotspots was also detected in the province that can provide useful information regarding the management and control of this parasite.

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Acknowledgment

Thanks to all the colleagues of the health centers of the cities of Ardabil province. This article has been done with the financial support of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences and number (Project No: 2575) and ethics code number IR.ARUMS.REC.1399.004.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Parasitology, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran

    Hafez Mirzanejad-Asl & Afshin Karimi

  2. Nir County Health Centre, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

    Navid Babaei pouya

  3. Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

    Eslam Moradi-Asl

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  1. Hafez Mirzanejad-Asl
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  2. Afshin Karimi
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  3. Navid Babaei pouya
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  4. Eslam Moradi-Asl
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Correspondence to Eslam Moradi-Asl.

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Mirzanejad-Asl, H., Karimi, A., Babaei pouya, N. et al. Spatio-temporal analysis and determination of the ecological niche model of Giardia Lamblia (Lambl, 1859) in Ardabil province, northwestern Iran. J Parasit Dis 45, 706–714 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01343-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01343-0

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