Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of microstructure on the breakage of tin bronze machining chips during pulverization via jet milling

  • Published:
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, jet milling was used to recycle tin bronze machining chips into powder. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the microstructure of tin bronze machining chips on their breakage behavior. An experimental target jet mill was used to pulverize machining chips of three different tin bronze alloys containing 7wt%, 10wt%, and 12wt% of tin. Optical and electron microscopy, as well as sieve analysis, were used to follow the trend of pulverization. Each alloy exhibited a distinct rate of size reduction, particle size distribution, and fracture surface appearance. The results showed that the degree of pulverization substantially increased with increasing tin content. This behavior was attributed to the higher number of machining cracks as well as the increased volume fraction of brittle δ phase in the alloys with higher tin contents. The δ phase was observed to strongly influence the creation of machining cracks as well as the nucleation and propagation of cracks during jet milling. In addition, a direct relationship was observed between the mean δ-phase spacing and the mean size of the jet-milled product; i.e., a decrease in the δ-phase spacing resulted in smaller particles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Scudino, C. Unterdörfer, K.G. Prashanth, H. Attar, N. Ellendt, V. Uhlenwinkel, and J. Eckert, Additive manufacturing of Cu–10Sn bronze, Mater. Lett., 156(2015), p. 202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. X.H. Chen, Z.D. Wang, D. Ding, H. Tang, L.L. Qiu, X. Luo, and G.D. Shi, Strengthening and toughening strategies for tin bronze alloy through fabricating in-situ nanostructured grains, Mater. Des., 66(2015), p. 60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. W. Huang, L. Chai, Z. Li, X. Yang, N. Guo, and B. Song, Evolution of microstructure and grain boundary character distribution of a tin bronze annealed at different temperatures, Mater. Charact., 114(2016), p. 204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. B.S. Ünlü, E. Atik, and C. Meriç, Effect of loading capacity (pressure–velocity) to tribological properties of CuSn10 bearings, Mater. Des., 28(2007), No. 7, p. 2160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Z. Tasliçukur, G.S. Altug, S. Polat, S. Hakan Atabek, and E. Türedi, A microstructural study on CuSn10 bronze produced by sand and investment casting techniques, [in] Proceedings of XXI. International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Brno, Czech Republic, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  6. J.S. Park, C.W. Park, and K.J. Lee, Implication of peritectic composition in historical high-tin bronze metallurgy, Mater. Charact., 60(2009), No. 11, p. 1268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K. Chen, X. Chen, D. Ding, and Z. Wang, Effect of in-situ nanoparticle wall on inhibiting segregation of tin bronze alloy, Mater. Lett., 175(2016), p. 148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Canakci and T. Varol, A novel method for the production of metal powders without conventional atomization process, J. Clean. Prod., 99(2015), p. 312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Mahboubi Soufiani, M.H. Enayati, and F. Karimzadeh, Mechanical alloying behavior of Ti6Al4V residual scraps with addition of Al2O3 to produce nanostructured powder, Mater. Des., 31(2010), No. 8, p. 3954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Ghambari, M. Emadi Shaibani, and N. Eshraghi, Producing of grey cast iron powder via target jet milling, Powder Technol., 221(2012), p. 318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Hu, Z. Ji, X. Chen, and Z. Zhang, Effect of chip size on mechanical property and microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by solid state recycling, Mater. Charact., 59(2008), No. 4, p. 385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Wen, Z. Ji, and X. Li, Effect of extrusion ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloys prepared by a solid recycling process, Mater. Charact., 59(2008), No. 11, p. 1655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. X. Lu, C. Liu, L. Zhu, and X. Qu, Influence of process parameters on the characteristics of TiAl alloyed powders by fluidized bed jet milling, Powder Technol., 254(2014), p. 235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Djokic, J. Djuriš, L. Solomun, K. Kachrimanis, Z. Djuric, and S. Ibric, The influence of spiral jet-milling on the physicochemical properties of carbamazepine form III crystals: quality by design approach, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 92(2014), No. 3, p. 500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Godet-Morand, A. Chamayou, and J. Dodds, Talc grinding in an opposed air jet mill: start-up, product quality and production rate optimization, Powder Technol., 128(2002), No. 2-3, p. 306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Emadi Shaibani, N. Eshraghi, and M. Ghambari, Sintering of grey cast iron powder recycled via jet milling, Mater. Des., 47(2013), p. 174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. N.V. Rama Rao and G.C. Hadjipanayis, Influence of jet milling process parameters on particle size, phase formation and magnetic properties of MnBi alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 629(2015), p. 80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. E. Afshari and M. Ghambari, Characterization of pre-alloyed tin bronze powder prepared by recycling machining chips using jet milling, Mater. Des., 103(2016), p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  19. W. Peukert, Material properties in fine grinding, Int. J. Miner. Process., 74(2004), Suppl. p. 3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Zügner, K. Marquardt, and I. Zimmermann, Influence of nanomechanical crystal properties on the comminution process of particulate solids in spiral jet mills, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 62(2006), No. 2, p. 194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Weichert, Theoretical prediction of energy consumption and particle size distribution in grinding and drilling of brittle materials, Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 8(1991), No. 1-4, p. 55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Bravi, S. Di Cave, B. Mazzarotta, and N. Verdone, Relating the attrition behaviour of crystals in a stirred vessel to their mechanical properties, Chem. Eng. J., 94(2003), No. 3, p. 223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. O. de Vegt, H. Vromans, J. den Toonder, and K. van der Voort Maarschalk, Influence of flaws and crystal properties on particle fracture in a jet mil, Powder Technol., 191(2009), No. 1-2, p. 72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. O. de Vegt, H. Vromans, W. Pries, and K. van der Voort Maarschalk, The effect of crystal imperfections on particle fracture behaviour, Int. J. Pharm., 317(2006), No. 1, p. 47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. L.M. Tavares, Role of particle microstructure in comminution, Develop. Miner. Process., 13(2000), p. C4.

    Google Scholar 

  26. E562 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: ASTM Designation, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004.

  27. E276-98 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: ASTM Designation, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004.

  28. L. Vogel and W. Peukert, Characterisation of grinding-relevant particle properties by inverting a population balance model, Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 19(2002), No. 3, p. 149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. L. Vogel and W. Peukert, Breakage behaviour of different materials: construction of a master curve for the breakage probability, Powder Technol., 129(2003), No. 1, p. 101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. O. Oudbashi and P. Davami, Metallography and microstructure interpretation of some archaeological tin bronze vessels from Iran, Mater. Charact., 97(2014), p. 74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. D.A. Scott, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1992, p. 122.

    Google Scholar 

  32. B.K. Prasad, A.H. Yegneswaran, and A.K. Patwardhan, Influence of the nature of microconstituents on the tensile properties of a zinc-based alloy and a leaded-tin bronze at different strain rates and temperatures, J. Mater. Sci., 32(1997), No. 5, p. 1169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 515-14395, Iran

    Elham Afshari, Mohammad Ghambari & Hasan Farhangi

Authors
  1. Elham Afshari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Ghambari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hasan Farhangi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elham Afshari.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Afshari, E., Ghambari, M. & Farhangi, H. Effect of microstructure on the breakage of tin bronze machining chips during pulverization via jet milling. Int J Miner Metall Mater 23, 1323–1332 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1354-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1354-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation