Abstract
Specimens of Pb1−1.5x La x (Zr0.53Ti0.47)1−y−z Fe y Nb z O3 (x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01) (PZTFN) ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal (space group P4mm) and rhombohedral (space group R3c) phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hysteresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response at x ≥ 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. Setter, Electroceramics: looking ahead, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 21(2001), p. 1279.
R.C. Buchanan, Ceramic Materials for Electronics: Processing Properties, and Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1986, p. 139.
Ragini, R. Ranjan, S.K. Mishra, and D. Pandey, Room temperature structure of Pb(ZrxTi1x )O3 around the morphotropic phase boundary region: a Rietveld study, J. Appl. Phys., 92(2002), No. 6, p. 3266.
B.V. Hiremath, A.I. Kingon, and J.V. Biggers, Reaction sequence in the formation of lead zirconate-lead titanate solid solutions: role of raw materials, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 66(1983), No. 11, p. 790.
A. Dalakoti, A. Bandyopadhyay, and S. Bose, Effect of Zn, Sr, and Y addition on electrical properties of PZT thin films, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89(2006), No. 3, p. 1140.
B.W. Lee and E.J. Lee, Effects of complex doping on microstructural and electrical properties of PZT ceramics, J. Electroceram., 17(2006), p. 597.
M. Prabu, I.B.S. Banu, S. Gobalakrishnan, and M. Chavali, Electrical and ferroelectric properties of undoped and La-doped PZT (52/48) electroceramics synthesized by sol-gel method, J. Alloys Compd., 551(2013), p. 200.
K. Ramam and M. Lopez, Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Ba modified lead zirconium titanate ceramics, J. Phys. D, 39(2006), p. 4466.
D. Bochenek, Properties of the ferroelectric PBZT ceramics admixed with niobium, Ferroelectrics, 417(2011), p. 41.
A. Singh and R. Chatterjee, Multiferroic properties of La-Rich BiFeO3-PbTiO3 solid solutions, Ferroelectrics, 433(2012), p. 180.
Brajesh K, A.K. Himanshu, H. Sharma, K. Kumari, R. Ranjan, S.K. Bandhopadhyay, and T.P. Sinha, Structural, dielectric relaxation and piezoelectric characterization of Sr2+ substituted modified PMS-PZT ceramic, Phys B, 407(2012), p. 635.
A. Kumar and S.K. Mishra, Effects of Sr2+ substitution on the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of PZT-PMN ceramics, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 21(2014), p. 175.
J. Ryu, J.J. Choi, and H.E. Kim, Effect of heating rate on the sintering behavior and the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 84(2001), No. 4, p. 902.
S. Dutta and R.N.P. Choudhary, Synthesis and characterization of Fe3+ modified PLZT ferroelectrics, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 14(2003), p. 463.
S.Y. Chu, T.Y. Chen, I.T. Tsai, and W. Water, Doping effects of Nb additives on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of PZT ceramics and its application on SAW devices, Sens. Actuators A, 113(2004), p. 198.
V.Y. Toplov, Heterophase structures and their quantitative characteristics in (1−x)Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3−xPbTiO3 near the morphotropic phase boundary, Mater. Lett., 66(2012), p. 57.
F. Kahoul, L. Hamzioui, N. Abdessalem, and A. Boutarfaia, Synthesis and piezoelectric properties of Pb0.98Sm0.02[(Zry, Ti1−y )0.98(Fe 2/3+1 , Nb 2/5+1 )0.02]O3 ceramics, Mater. Sci. Appl., 3(2012), p. 50.
A. Prasatkhetragarn, Synthesis and dielectric properties of 0.9Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3-0.1Pb(Fe1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics, Ferroelectrics, 416(2011), p. 35.
R. Rai, S. Sharma, and R.N.P. Choudhary, Dielectric and piezoelectric studies of Fe doped PLZT ceramics, Mater. Lett., 59(2005), p. 3921.
A.K. Shukla, V.K. Agrawal, I.M. Das, J. Singh, and S.L. Srivastava, Dielectric response of PLZT ceramics x/57/43 across ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition, Bull. Mater. Sci., 34(2011), p. 133.
F. Kahoul, L. Hamzioui, Z. Necira, and A. Boutarfaia, Effect of sintering temperature on the electromechanical properties of (1−x)Pb(ZryTi1−y )O3−xSm(Fe 3+0.5 , Nb 5+0.5 )O3 ceramics, Energy Procedia, 36(2013), p. 1050.
A.P. Singh, S.K. Mishra, D. Pandey, C.D. Prasad, and R. Lal, Low temperature synthesis of chemically homogeneous lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powder by a semi-wet method, J. Mater. Sci., 28(1993), No. 18, p. 5050.
M.R. Soares, A.M.R. Senos, and P.Q. Mantas, Phase coexistence region and dielectric properties of PZT ceramics, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 20(2000), p. 321.
J. Rodriguez-Carvajal, Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction, Phys. B, 192(1993), p. 55.
S.P. Singh, A.K. Singh, and D. Pandey, Evidence for a monoclinic M A to tetragonal morphotropic phase transition in (1−x)[Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3]−xPbTiO3 ceramics, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 19(2007), art. No. 036217.
D.M. Santos, A.Z. Simoes, M.A. Zaghete, C.O.P. Santos, J.A. Varela, and E. Longo, Synthesis and electrical characterization of tungsten doped Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 ceramics obtained from a hybrid process, Mater. Chem. Phys., 103(2007), p. 371.
S.B. Krupanidhi, Relaxor type perovskites: primary candidates of nano-polar regions, J. Chem. Sci., 115(2003), p. 775.
B. Noheda, D.E. Cox, G. Shirane, J. Gao, and Z.G. Ye, Phase diagram of the ferroelectric relaxor (1−x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3−x-PbTiO3, Phys. Rev. B, 66(2002), art. No. 054104.
L. Kozielski and F. Clemens, Multiferroics application: magnetic controlled piezoelectric transformer, Process. Appl. Ceram., 6(2012), p. 15.
B. Sahoo and P.K. Panda, Effect of lanthanum, neodymium on piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT, J. Adv. Ceram., 2(2013), p. 37.
A.K. Zak, A. Jalalian, S.M. Hossseini, A. Kompany, and T.S. Narm, Effect of Y3+ and Nb5+ co-doping on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics, Mater. Sci., 28(2010), p. 703.
V. Singh, H.H. Kumar, D.K. Kharat, S. Haits, and M.P. Kulkarni, Effect of lanthanum substitution on ferroelectric properties of niobium doped PZT ceramics, Mater. Lett., 60(2006), p. 2964.
C.A. Randall, N. Kim, J.P. Kucera, W.W. Cao, and T.R. Shrout, Intrinsic and extrinsic size effects in fine grained morphotropic phase boundary lead zirconate titanate ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81(1998), p. 677.
Z.H. Yao, H.X. Liu, Y.Q. Li, M.H. Cao, and H. Hao, Morphotropic phase boundary of (Bi0.9La0.1)ScO3-PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics for high-temperature application, Ferroelectrics, 409(2010), p. 21.
B. Noheda, D.E. Cox, G. Shirane, R. Guo, B. Jones, and L.E. Cross, Stability of the monoclinic phase in the ferroelectric perovskite PbZr1−x TixO3, Phys. Rev. B, 63(2001), art. No. 014103.
T. Takenaka, K. Maruyama, and K. Sakata, (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3 system for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 30(1991), p. 2236.
B.M. Jin, D.S. Lee, I.W. Kim, J.H. Kwon, K.S. Lee, J.S. Song, and S.J. Jeong, The additives for improving piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of 0.2Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8(PbZrO3-PbTiO3) ceramics, Ceram. Int., 30(2004), p. 1449.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, A., Mishra, S.K. Dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified PZTFN ceramics. Int J Miner Metall Mater 21, 1019–1027 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-014-1003-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-014-1003-9