Abstract
Three epiphytic dinoflagellate species of the genus Coolia isolated from Vietnamese coastal waters were identified and described. Among the three Coolia species, Coolia monotis, C. tropicalis and C. canariensis, the latter two are recorded for the first time in Vietnam. The morphology of these species is illustrated by light and scanning electron micrographs. The heavily areolated thecal surface of C. areolata and the apical quadrangular 3′ plate of C. malayensis have been reported in original descriptions. The two species C. areolata and C. malayensis were not found in this study.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aligizaki K, Nikolaidis G (2006) The presence of the potentially toxic genera Ostreopsis and Coolia (Dinophyceae) in the North Aegean Sea, Greece. Harmful Algae 5:717–730
Al-Yamani F, Saburova MA (2010) Illustrated Guide on the Flagellates of Kuwait’s Intertidal Soft Sediments. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Lucky Press, Kuwait, 197 p
Balech E (1956) Étude des Dinoflagellés du sable de Roscoff. Revue Algologique 2:29–52
Besada EG, Loeblich LA, Loeblich ARIII (1982) Observation on tropical, benthic dinoflagellates from ciguatera-endemic areas: Coolia, Gambierdiscus, and Ostreopsis. Bull Mar Sci 33:723–735
Biecheler B (1952) Recherches sur les Péridiniens. Bulletin Biologique de France et de la Belgique (Suppléments) 36:1–149
Carlson RD, Tindall DR (1985) Distribution and periodicity of toxic dinoflagellates in the Virgin Islands. In: Anderson DM, White AW, Baden DG (eds) Toxic Dinoflagellates. Elsevier, New York, pp 171–176
Chu VT (2002) Data on the species composition and the distribution of harmful marine epiphytic macroalgae living on coral reefs in the north of Vietnam. J Biol 24:22–30
Dodge JD (1982) Marine Dinoflagellates of the British Isles. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 303 p
Dolapsakis NP, Kilpatrick MW, Economou-Amilli A, Tafas T (2006) Morphology and rDNA phylogeny of a Mediterranean Coolia monotis (Dinophyceae) strain from Greece. Sci Mar 70:67–76
Faust MA (1992) Observations on the morphology and sexual reproduction of Coolia monotis (Dinophyceae). J Phycol 28:94–104
Faust MA (1995) Observation of sand-dwelling toxic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from widely differing sites, including two new species. J Phycol 31:996–1003
Faust MA, Gulledge RA (2002) Identifying harmful marine dinoflagellates, Vol. 42. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 144 p
Fraga S, Penna A, Bianconi I, Paz B, Zapata M (2008) Coolia canariensis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new nontoxic epiphytic benthic dinoflagellate from the Canary islands. J Phycol 44:1060–1070
Fritz L, Triemer RE (1985) A rapid simple technique utilizing Calcofluor White M2R for the visualization of dinoflagellate thecal plates. J Phycol 21:662–664
Fukuyo Y (1981) Taxonomical study on benthic dinoflagellates collected in coral reefs. Bull Japanese Soc Sci Fish 47:967–978
Ho VT, Nguyen NL, Doan NH (2011) Benthic dinoflagellates in Vietnamese waters. Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, 138 p
Jeong HJ, Yih W, Kang NS, Lee SY, Yoon AY, Yoo YD, Kim HS, Kim JH (2012) First report of the epiphytic benthic dinoflagellates Coolia canariensis and Coolia malayensis in the waters off Jeju Island, Korea: Morphology and rDNA sequences. J Eukaryot Microbiol 59:114–133
Larsen NH, Moestrup Ø, Pedersen PM (1994) Scandinavian Culture Centre for Algae & Protozoa. Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, 48 p
Laza-Martinez A, Orive E, Miguel I (2011) Morphological and genetic characterization of benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Coolia, Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum from the south-eastern Bay of Biscay. Eur J Phycol 46:45–65
Leaw CP, Lim PT, Cheng KW, Ng BK, Gires U (2010) Morphology and molecular characterization of new species of thecate benthic dinoflagellate, Coolia malayensis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). J Phycol 46:162–171
Lebour MV (1925) The Dinoflagellates of Northern Seas. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK, 250 p
Lindemann E (1928) Abteilung Peridineae (Dinoflagellatae). Die naturlichen Planzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigern Arten insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen. In: Engler A, Prantl K (eds) Die Naturlichen Planzenfamilien. Engelman W, Leipzig, Germany, pp 3–104
Meunier A (1919) Mikroplankton de la mer Flamande. III. Les Péridiniens. In: Hayed M (ed) Mémoires du Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique Bruxelles No 8(1), pp 1–116
Mohammad-Noor N, Daugbjerg N, Moestrup Ø, Anton A (2007) Marine epibenthic dinoflagellates from Malaysia-A study of live cultures and preserved samples based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Nordic J Bot 24:629–690
Mohammad-Noor N, Moestrup Ø, Lundholm N, Fraga S, Adam A, Holmes MJ, Saleh E (2013) Autecology and phylogeny of Coolia tropicalis and Coolia malayensis (Dinophyceae), with emphasis on taxonomy of Coolia tropicalis based on light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and LSU rDNA. J Phycol 49:536–545
Nguyen NL, Larsen J (2004) Gonyaulacales. In: Larsen J, Nguyen NL (eds) Guide to the Identification of Potentially Toxic Microalgae in Vietnamese Waters. Opera Botanica 140, Copenhagen, pp 73–116
Penna A, Vila M, Fraga S, Giacobbe GM, Andreoni F, Giobó P, Vernesi S (2005) Characterization of Ostreopsis and Coolia (Dinophyceae) isolates in the western Mediterranean sea based on morphology, toxicity and internal transcribed spacer 5.8s rADN sequences. J Phycol 41:212–225
Rhodes LL, Adamson J, Suzuki T, Briggs L, Garthwaite I (2000) Toxic marine epiphytic dinoflagellates, Ostreopsis siamensis and Coolia monotis (Dinophyceae) in New Zealand. New Zeal J Mar Freshwater Res 34:371–383
Rhodes LL, Thomas AE (1997) Coolia monotis (Dinophyceae): A toxic epiphytic microalgal species found in New Zealand. New Zeal J Mar Freshwater Res 31:139–141
Schiller J (1937) Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae) in monograph-ischer Behandlung. 2. Teil, Lieferung 4. Academische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H, Leipzig. Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York-London, 590 p
Steidinger KA, Tangen K (1997) Dinoflagellates. In: Tomas CR (ed) Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press, USA, pp 387–584
Taylor FJR (1979) A description of the benthic dinoflagellate associated with maitotoxin and ciguatoxin, including observations on Hawaiian material. In: Taylor DL, Selinger HH (eds) Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Developments in Marine Biology. Elsevier North-Holland, New York, pp 71–76
Ten-Hage L, Turquet J, Quod J, Couté A (2000) Coolia areolata sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from the southwestern Indian Ocean. Phycologia 39:377–383
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ho, T.V., Nguyen, L.N. Morphology and distribution of the three epiphytic dinoflagellate species Coolia monotis, C. tropicalis, and C. canariensis (Ostreopsidaceae, Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) from Vietnamese coastal waters. Ocean Sci. J. 49, 211–221 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-014-0021-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-014-0021-x