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Controllable nucleation and deformation of skyrmions on surface of magnetic nanotubular monolayer

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Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions emerge when the energy of ferromagnetic exchange interaction promoting parallel alignment of spins enters in competition with energies favoring non-collinear alignment of spins such as Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), long-rang dipole–dipole interaction (DDI), or higher-order exchange interactions. We perform an unbiased Monte Carlo simulation to study the DMI-based skyrmion nucleation and stabilization on the surface of magnetic nanotubular monolayer controlled by tuning constants of DDI (g) and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange interaction (j’) with appropriate balance. Without g and j’, the loosely distributed skyrmions initially nucleate on the surface of nanotube approaching to the magnetic field (h) direction with increasing h in the intermediate range. Then, the skyrmion size, shape, density, distribution and crystal structure, as well as its driven field range, are tailored by g and j’. This work demonstrates the skyrmion nucleation mechanisms in three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures with curvature effect and multiple interactions, serving as a benchmark for a guide to experimentalists for preparation of samples in magnetic skyrmion states.

Graphical abstract

摘要

当促使自旋平行排列的铁磁交换作用能与促使自旋非共线排列的相互作用能, 如Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用能 (DMI) 、长程偶极-偶极相互作用能 (DDI) 或更高阶的相互作用能之间产生竞争时, 自旋构型可能会出现斯格明子态。在本文中, 我们采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法, 研究了DDI(g) 和次近邻反铁磁交换作用 (j’) 对磁性纳米管状单层膜表面上的基于DMI的斯格明子的成核和稳定性的影响。结果表明, 当不考虑g和j’时, 松散分布的斯格明子会出现在接近于外磁场方向的纳米管表面上。随着g和j’的引入, 斯格明子的尺寸、形状、密度、分布和晶体结构, 以及它的驱动场范围都可以被调控。这项工作不仅阐明了在带有曲率和多级相互作用的三维磁性纳米结构中斯格明子的成核和稳定机制, 而且这些结果可以用以指导实验研究者制备带有特定斯格明子态的实际样品。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China-Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund (No. U22A20117), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 2022-MS-108) and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (No. N2205015).

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  1. Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Xin-Xin Zhang, Chen-Yu Zhang, Yi-Xin Xing, Chao Man & Yong Hu

  2. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Jiao Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Yong Hu

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Zhang, XX., Zhang, CY., Xing, YX. et al. Controllable nucleation and deformation of skyrmions on surface of magnetic nanotubular monolayer. Rare Met. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02630-y

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