Abstract
Partially complete right antler from the Pinjor Formation (Pleistocene) of the Upper Siwalik Subgroup is identified, described and its phylogenetic relationship is discussed. The fossil antler is compared with other known fossil records of family Cervidae as well as with the extant species, on the basis of which it can be attributed to Axis punjabiensis. This species has not been reported previously from this fossil site.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azzaroli, A. (1954) Critical observations upon Siwalik deer. Proc. Linnaean Soc. London, pp.75–87.
Azzaroli, A. (1992) The Cervid genus Pseudodama n.g. in the Villafranchian of Tuscany. Palaeont. Italy, v.79, pp.1–41.
Azzaroli, A. (2001) On fossil deer from Valdarno, Tuscany, Italy. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Mh., v.3, pp.168–174.
Brown, B. (1926) A new deer from the Siwalik. American Museum Novitates, v.242, 6p.
Colbert, E.H. (1935) Siwalik Mammals in the American Museum of Natural History. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, v.26, pp.1–401.
Cronin, R. (1992) Intraspecific variation in mitochondrial DNA of North American cervids. Jour. Mammalogy, v.73, pp.70–82.
Di Stefano, G. and Petronio, C. (1998) Origin and relationships among Dama-like cervids in Europe. N. Jb. Geol Palaont. Abh., v.207, pp. 37–55.
Di Stefano, G. and Petronio, C. (2003) Systematics and evolution of the Eurasian Plio-Pleistocene tribe Cervini (Artiodactyla, Mammalia). Geologica Romana, v.36, pp.1–24.
Di Stefano, G., Petronio, C. and Sardella, R. (2000) Large bovids and cervids from the latest Villafranchian — Galerian faunas of Italy. Abstract “The holarctic Ungulates of the Pliocene and Pleistocene” Congress, Avignon, 19–22 September 2000.
Flynn, L.J., Tedford, R.H. and Zhanxiang, O. (1991) Enrichment and stability in the Pliocene mammalian fauna of North China. Paleobiology, v.17, pp.246–265
Ghaffar, A. (2005) Studies on equids, cervids and Carnivora from the Siwalik Hills of Pakistan, PhD thesis (unpublished), University of the Punjab, Lahore, pp.1–389.
Khan, M. A., Iqbal, M. Ghaffar, A. and Akhtar, M. (2009) Proamphibos (Bovini, Bovidae, Mammalia), from the Tatrot Formation in the Upper Siwaliks of Pakistan. Jour. Animal and Plant Sci., v.19(2), pp.104–107.
Kumaravel, V., Sangode, S. J., Kumar, R. and Siddaiah, N.S. (2005) Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Plio-Pleistocene Pinjor Formation (type locality), Siwalik Group, NW Himalaya, India. Curr. Sci., v.88, pp.1453–1461.
Ludt, J. C., Schroeder, W., Rottman, O. and Kuehn, R. (2004) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, pp.1064–1083.
Lydekker, R. (1876) Molar teeth and other remains of Mammalia from the Indian Tertiaries. Paleontologica Indica, v.16, pp.2–19.
Lydekker, R. (1884) Rodents and New Ruminants from the Siwalik and synopsis of Mammalia. Paleontoogica Indica, v.10, pp.1–5.
Meijaard, E. and Groves, C.P. (2004) Morphometrical relationships between South-East Asian deer (Cervidae, tribe Cervini): evolutionary and biogeographic implications. Jour. Zoology, v.263, pp.179–196.
Nanda, A.C. (2002) Upper Siwalik mammalian faunas of India and associated events. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., 21: 47–58.
Nanda, A.C. (2008) Comments on the Pinjor Mammalian Fauna of the Siwalik Group in relation to the post-Siwalik faunas of Peninsular India and Indo-Gangetic Plain, Quaternary Internat., v.192, pp.6–13.
Petronio, C., Krakhmalnaya, T., Bellucci, L. and Di Stefano, G. (2007) Remarks on some Eurasian pliocervines: Characteristics, evolution, and relationship with the tribe Cervini. Geobios, v.40, pp.113–130.
Pilgrim, G.E. (1910) Notices of new Mammalian genera and species from the Tertieries of India-Calcutta. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.40, pp.63–71.
Pilgrim, G.E. (1913) Correlation of the Siwaliks with Mammal Horizons of Europe. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.XLIII, pp.264–326, pt.4, pls. XXVI–XXVIII.
Pitra, C., Fickela, J., Meijaard, E. and Groves, C. P. (2004) Evolution and phylogeny of Old World deer. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v.33, pp.880–895.
Shah, S.M.I. (1977) Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geol. Surv. Pakistan Mem., v.12, pp.1–138.
Shah, S.M.I. (2009) Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geol. Surv. Pakistan Mem., v.22, pp.1–381.
Vos, J. De, (1984) The Endemic Pleistocene Deer of Crete — Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Natuurkunde, Eerste Reeks, Deel, v.31, pp.1–100.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghaffar, A., Akhtar, M., Khan, M.A. et al. Discovery of antler from a new site in the Pinjor Formation (Pleistocene) of Pakistan. J Geol Soc India 80, 119–122 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-012-0125-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-012-0125-9