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Early Silurian (Rhuddanian) rugose corals and sponges from the Ak-Kerme Peninsula, Kazakhstan

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Abstract

An assemblage of earliest Silurian (Llandovery, Rhuddanian) fossils from South Kazakhstan (Ak-Kerme Peninsula, Lake Balkhash) contains solitary rugose corals (Calostylis denticulata, Streptelasma? sp., and Cystipaliphyllum sp.) and the demosponge Calycocoelia typicalis, which are described here. This assemblage occurs with previously described brachiopods and constitutes a post extinction survival fauna; such faunas are poorly known and this study fills a gap in our knowledge. All three genera of Rugosa were transitional across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary and are also reported from other parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan during the Llandovery. Streptelasma had already been present in Kazakhstan during the Ordovician, while during the Rhuddanian Calostylis immigrated from Baltica or China, and Cystipaliphyllum from the Australian part of Gondwana. Demosponges are rare during the Llandovery but probably had a cosmopolitan distribution. Calycocoelia typicalis marks the first Rhuddanian record of lithistid demosponges, and the first record of Silurian demosponges from Kazakhstan.

Kurzfassung

Eine Sammlung frühester silurischer (Llandovery, Rhuddanium) Fossilien aus Südkasachstan (Ak-Kerme Halbinsel, Balkhashsee) enthält solitäre rugose Korallen (Calostylis denticulata, Streptelasma? sp. und Cystipaliphyllum sp.) sowie die Demospongie Calycocoelia typicalis, die hier beschrieben werden. Außderdem vertreten sind Brachiopoden, die anderswo schon beschrieben wurden; solche Faunen sind noch relativ unbekannt und diese Studie schließt damit eine Wissenslücke. Alle drei hier beschriebenen rugosen Gattungen überquerten die Ordoviz-Silur Grenze und kommen anderen Studien zufolge im Llandovery auch in anderen Teilen Kasachstans, Usbekistans und Tajikistans vor. Streptelasma war schon im Ordoviz in Kasachstan vertreten, während Calostylis im Rhuddanium aus Baltica oder China einwanderte und Cystipaliphyllum aus dem australischen Teil Gondwanas. Demospongien waren im Llandovery selten, aber wahrscheinlich kosmopolitisch. Calycocoelia typicalis ist der erste Nachweis von lithistiden Demospongien aus dem Rhuddanium, sowie der erste Fund silurischer Demospongien aus Kasachstan.

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Acknowledgments

Christian Baars and Leonid Popov acknowledge support from National Museum Wales. Inna A. Klishevich thanks the National Museum of Wales for logistical support on her visits to Cardiff; her work in Russia is supported by the St Petersburg State University. The authors wish to thank Amanda Valentine-Baars for preparing thin sections, Linda Norton for drawing the map, and the two reviewers, Dieter Weyer and Robert Elias, for their constructive comments.

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  1. Department of Geology, National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3NP, UK

    Christian Baars & Leonid Popov

  2. Slenerbrink 178, 7812 HJ, Emmen, The Netherlands

    Freek Rhebergen

  3. Department of Historical Geology, Geological Faculty, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 7/9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia

    Inna A. Klishevich

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Baars, C., Popov, L., Rhebergen, F. et al. Early Silurian (Rhuddanian) rugose corals and sponges from the Ak-Kerme Peninsula, Kazakhstan. Paläontol Z 88, 279–295 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-013-0199-8

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