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Non-indigenous bryozoan species from natural and artificial substrata of Mediterranean submarine caves

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Abstract

Numerous non-indigenous bryozoan species or NIBs (= non-indigenous bryozoans) have been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, some in marine cave habitats. Recent surveys, mostly of submarine caves, led to the discovery of new NIBs and documented the spreading of NIBs already known from the basin. Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta, Catenicella paradoxa, and Smittina nitidissima were recorded at several localities of central sectors of the Mediterranean. Only Ca. paradoxa was previously known from the area, while S. nitidissima had previously been recorded only from the Eastern Mediterranean, and Cr. hirsuta is new to the area. Within the examined area, Cr. hirsuta has a wide distribution, occurring on artificial panels and natural substrates. S. nitidissima and Ca. paradoxa were detected only on artificial panels, except for a few Ca. paradoxa colonies from a single locality, which had settled on algae. Artificial substrates offer additional surfaces available for colonisation, often more suitable than natural substrates. As such, they can be rapidly exploited by new settlers and particularly by opportunistic taxa as most alien species are. Although artificial substrates can be advantageous tools for the early detection of non-indigenous species (NISs), submerged anthropogenic substrates, such as artificial reefs and coastal protection structures, may selectively attract non-indigenous species favouring their spreading alongshore. Shipping appears to be one of the main pathways for species introduction and the main vector for dispersion.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the Marine Protected Areas of Pelagie, Capo Caccia and Plemmirio, and to the Capo Murro Diving Center for allowing and supporting field activities. For the collection of samples, the following projects are acknowledged: the CoNISMa MATTM 3AMP “Study of submarine cave environments – CODICE HABITAT 8330 – in the Marine Protected Areas of Pelagie, Plemmirio and Capo Caccia” and MATTM 4AMP “Marine Ecosystems from selected Italian Marine Protected Areas”, as well as a study on the recruitment of sessile organisms on panels deployed inside caves of the Plemmirio Marine Protected Area. Vincenzo Di Martino (ISAFOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania) and Alessandro Sinagra helped to collect some samples. A. Viola (University of Catania) and prof. Vladimir Bermanec (University of Zagreb) kindly assisted SEM documentation of species. L. Vieira (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil) is acknowledged for useful discussions about Cr. hirsuta. Comments by two anonymous reviewers contributed to improve the manuscript. Research funds were granted by the UNIVPM to C. Cerrano and by the University of Catania to A. Rosso. Catania Palaeoecological Research Group: contribution n. 419.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Corso Italia, 57, 95129, Catania, Italy

    Antonietta Rosso & Emanuela Di Martino

  2. CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy

    Antonietta Rosso & Carlo Cerrano

  3. Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway

    Emanuela Di Martino

  4. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy

    Daniela Pica, Luca Galanti & Carlo Cerrano

  5. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltovtrg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Maja Novosel

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  1. Antonietta Rosso
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Correspondence to Antonietta Rosso.

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Communicated by A. Waeschenbach

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Rosso, A., Di Martino, E., Pica, D. et al. Non-indigenous bryozoan species from natural and artificial substrata of Mediterranean submarine caves. Mar Biodiv 48, 1345–1355 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0602-2

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