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Asserting the Depleting Groundwater Condition in Coastal Region and Its Relation to River System by Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Rushikulya River Basin, Odisha, India

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Abstract

Run-off water and groundwater carried out the most important cycle between flora and fauna. The Rushikulya river basin is a particular region where one can study the profound behaviour of groundwater, river run-off and seawater. The river system influences the population in Ganjam District. The flow system of the river basin is profoundly affected by its topography and regional tectonics scenario. Understanding the topographical influence, morphometry tools subsequently play vital role and provide knowledge about river basin. Here in this study, the depleting groundwater condition in Rushikulya river basin is correlated with morphometric indices and used to assert its influence. Periodic groundwater level data set is used to assert the condition in the region from 1995 to 2015. The condition of groundwater table and recharge zone is traced with the help of GIS tools. Further recharge zones and depleting zones for groundwater are taken into consideration in the study. The influence of salty water of the Bay of Bengal is also considered in the study to state the contamination in groundwater. This study shows huge depletion in groundwater conditions during 1995–2015 in the western and northern regions of the basin. The eastern part shows depletion in groundwater during 1995–2005 but enhancement during 2010–2015, which may have influence of transgressing seawater. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater conditions show Rushikulya river channels are influencing groundwater recharge. Due to this Aska region gets a better groundwater recharge condition as it is situated near the tri-junction of tributaries. Besides, the impact of land use and land cover also played a vital role with the inducements of groundwater depletion within the basin.

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Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to various agencies and organizations for necessary data support and to the host institution and the department for providing infrastructure facilities. Also authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers and the Editor-in-Chief for their constructive comments and valuable suggestions in improving the overall quality of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Geology, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, India

    Nirasindhu Desinayak, Gyan Prakash Satyam, Sridevi Jadav & Girija Shankar Behera

  2. Directorate of Geology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Suren Nayak

  3. Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, India

    Rahul Kumar Singh

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  1. Nirasindhu Desinayak
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Correspondence to Suren Nayak.

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Desinayak, N., Satyam, G.P., Nayak, S. et al. Asserting the Depleting Groundwater Condition in Coastal Region and Its Relation to River System by Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Rushikulya River Basin, Odisha, India. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 50, 55–71 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01456-w

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