Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of spatial association and factors influencing trauma-related mortality in Shahr-e-Ray, Iran: a cross-sectional study

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Applied Geomatics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper is aimed to posit exploratory spatial data analysis using geographic information systems (GIS) in trauma epidemiology among male victims and female victims. The present study explores the existence of gender differences in relation to different trauma types building on an analysis of a set of samples. Moreover, the critical spots would be detected for health care planning. Spatial analysis shows that mortality due to trauma was described, based on gender, on Shahr-e-Ray, Tehran, Iran, from 2006 to 2016. High/low clustering, spatial autocorrelation, hot spot analysis, cluster and outlier analysis, and geographic weighted regression spatial statistic were employed, in exploring the spatial relation between trauma occurrence and the selected explanatory variables. The results showed that there are more clustering in male victims and these clustering are not by a random chance and are highly clustered. The locations of these clustering are located by hot spot analysis and can be used for injury prevention efforts. The results showed that there are more clustering in male victims and these clustering are not by a random chance and highly clustered. The most important results of this study showed that gender differences in prevalence vary across different trauma types. There was a significant relationship between trauma mortality and all descriptive variables. In “urban facility” variable and “military, administrative, commercial, and industrial areas” variables, the gender differences were highest. The gender difference in trauma-related mortality exists in the study area, and highly clusters of these mortalities can be found in the located areas and it should be considered for health care planning systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ali M, Jin Y, Kim DR, De ZB, Park JK, Ochiai RL, Dong B, Clemens JD, Acosta CJ (2007) Spatial risk for gender-specific adult mortality in an area of southern China. Int J Health Geogr 24(6):31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-6-31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhunia GS, Kesari S, Chatterjee N, Kumar V, Das P (2013) Spatial and temporal variation and hotspot detection of kala-azar disease in Vaishali district (Bihar), India. BMC Infect Dis 13(1):64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhry MA, Bland KI, Chaudry IH (2007) Trauma and immune response–effect of gender differences. Injury 38(12):1382–1391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu H-J, Chen Y-C (2018) Crowdsourcing photograph locations for debris flow hot spot mapping. Nat Hazards 90(3):1259–1276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai D, Zhang Y, Lynch CA, Miller T, Shakir M (2013) Childhood drowning in Georgia: a geographic information system analysis. Appl Geogr 37:11–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delmelle EM, Rogerson PA, Akella MR, Batta R, Blatt A, Wilson G (2005) A spatial model of received signal strength indicator values for automated collision notification technology. Trans Res Part c: Emerg Technol 13(5–6):432–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu WJ, Jiang PK, Zhou GM, Zhao KL (2014) Using Moran’s I and GIS to study the spatial pattern of forest litter carbon density in a subtropical region of southeastern China. Biogeosciences 11(8):2401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heydari F, Golban M, Majidinejad S (2020) Traumatic brain injury in older adults presenting to the emergency department: epidemiology, outcomes and risk factors predicting the prognosis. Adv J Emerg Med 4(2):e19

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook TL, Hoyt DB, Stein MB, Sieber WJ (2001) Perceived threat to life predicts posttraumatic stress disorder after major trauma: risk factors and functional outcome. J trauma 51(2):287–92 discussion 92-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan D, Rossen LM, Hamilton BE, He Y, Wei R, Dienes E (2017) Hot spots, cluster detection and spatial outlier analysis of teen birth rates in the US, 2003–2012. Spatial Spatio-Temporal Epidemiol 21:67–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolivand P-H, Faraji Sabokbar H, Saberian P, Bahmanabadi M, Hasani-Sharamin P, Baratloo A (2020) Spatial analysis of geographic distribution and accessibility of suspected acute stroke patients transferred to acute stroke centers by emergency medical services in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study. Iran Red Crescent Med J 22(7):e101502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewandowska-Gwarda K (2018) Geographically weighted regression in the analysis of unemployment in Poland. ISPRS Int J Geo Inf 7(1):17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Zhang J, Ding C, Wang Y (2018) A geographically and temporally weighted regression model to explore the spatiotemporal influence of built environment on transit ridership. Comput Environ Urban Syst 70:113–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur M (2015) Spatial autocorrelation analysis in plant population: an overview. J Appl Nat Sci 7(1):501–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moran PA (1950) Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika 37(1/2):17–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray S (2006) Global injury and violence. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association journal journal de l’Association medicale canadienne 174(5):620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndiath MM, Cisse B, Ndiaye JL, Gomis JF, Bathiery O, Dia AT et al (2015) Application of geographically-weighted regression analysis to assess risk factors for malaria hotspots in Keur Soce health and demographic surveillance site. Malar J 14(1):463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson AL, Bromley RD, Thomas CJ (2001) Identifying micro-spatial and temporal patterns of violent crime and disorder in the British city centre. Appl Geogr 21(3):249–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ord JK, Getis A (1995) Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application. Geogr Anal 27(4):286–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pak M, Gülci S, Okumuş A (2018) A study on the use and modeling of geographical information system for combating forest crimes: an assessment of crimes in the eastern Mediterranean forests. Environ Monit Assess 190(2):62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer R, Teuben M, Andruszkow H, Barkatali BM, Pape H-C (2016) Mortality patterns in patients with multiple trauma: a systematic review of autopsy studies. PLoS One 11(2):e0148844-e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pimpler E. Spatial Analytics with ArcGIS: Packt Publishing Ltd; 2017

  • Iranian Population and Housing Census. Iranian Statistical Centre 2016 [Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/. Accessed 22 Sept 2020

  • Rahmati F, Doosti M, Bahreini M (2018) The cost analysis of patients with traffic traumatic injuries presenting to emergency department: a cross-sectional study. Adv J Emerg Med 3(1):e2

    Google Scholar 

  • Reardon JM, Andrade L, Hertz J, Kiwango G, Teu A, Pesambili M et al (2017) The epidemiology and hotspots of road traffic injuries in Moshi, Tanzania: an observational study. Injury 48(7):1363–1370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saberian P, Farhoud AR, Hasani-Sharamin P, Moghaddami M, Keshvari F (2019) Epidemiological features of injured patients examined by Tehran emergency medical service technicians. Adv J Emerg Med 3(4):e40

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Martín J-M, Rengifo-Gallego J-I, Blas-Morato R (2019) Hot spot analysis versus cluster and outlier analysis: an enquiry into the grouping of rural accommodation in Extremadura (Spain). ISPRS Int J Geo Inf 8(4):176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeneberg C, Kauther MD, Hussmann B, Keitel J, Schmitz D, Lendemans S (2013) Gender-specific differences in severely injured patients between 2002 and 2011: data analysis with matched-pair analysis. Critical Care (london, England) 17(6):R277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw N, McGuire S (2017) Understanding the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in health informatics research: a review. J Innov Health Info 24(2):940

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui C, Abdel-Aty M, Choi K (2014) Implications of pedestrian safety planning factors in areas with minority and low-income populations. Int J Sustain Transp 8(5):360–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slamet I, Nugroho N, editors. Geographically weighted regression model on poverty indicator. Journal of Physics: Conference Series; 2017: IOP Publishing

  • Soltani A, Askari S (2017) Exploring spatial autocorrelation of traffic crashes based on severity. Injury 48(3):637–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks CS (2011) Violent crime in San Antonio, Texas: an application of spatial epidemiological methods. Spatial Spatio-Temporal Epidemiol 2(4):301–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Street AE, Dardis CM (2018) Using a social construction of gender lens to understand gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 66:97–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tokarz R, Novak RJ (2018) Spatial–temporal distribution of Anopheles larval habitats in Uganda using GIS/remote sensing technologies. Malar J 17(1):420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Truong LT, Somenahalli SV (2011) Using GIS to identify pedestrian-vehicle crash hot spots and unsafe bus stops. J Public Transp 14(1):6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuoane-Nkhasi M, van Eeden A (2017) Spatial patterns and correlates of mortality due to selected non-communicable diseases among adults in South Africa, 2011. GeoJournal 82(5):1005–1034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varga C, Pearl DL, McEwen SA, Sargeant JM, Pollari F, Guerin MT (2015) Area-level global and local clustering of human Salmonella enteritidis infection rates in the city of Toronto, Canada, 2007–2009. BMC Infect Dis 15(1):359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker BB, Schuurman N (2012) Environmental correlates with violent injury. Geomatica 66(4):269–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker BB, Schuurman N, Hameed SM (2014) A GIS-based spatiotemporal analysis of violent trauma hotspots in Vancouver, Canada: identification, contextualisation and intervention. BMJ Open 4(2):e003642-e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye C, Chen Y, Li J (2018) Investigating the influences of tree coverage and road density on property crime. ISPRS Int J Geo Inf 7(3):101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, McGrath D (2004) Geostatistical and GIS analyses on soil organic carbon concentrations in grassland of southeastern Ireland from two different periods. Geoderma 119(3–4):261–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was conducted with supports of Trauma and Injury Research Center affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences and also Prehospital and Hospital Emergency Research Center affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Funding

This study was supported financially by Tehran EMS Center.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Ghazale Azimpour

  2. Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nader Tavakoli

  3. Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar

  4. Prehospital and Hospital Emergency Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Peyman Saberian

  5. Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Peyman Saberian & Alireza Baratloo

  6. Research Center for Trauma in Police Operation, Directorate of Health, Rescue and Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Baratloo

Authors
  1. Ghazale Azimpour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nader Tavakoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peyman Saberian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Alireza Baratloo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar or Peyman Saberian.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Azimpour, G., Tavakoli, N., Faraji Sabokbar, H. et al. Analysis of spatial association and factors influencing trauma-related mortality in Shahr-e-Ray, Iran: a cross-sectional study. Appl Geomat 14, 627–638 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-022-00458-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-022-00458-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation