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Electrical resistivity imaging and geographical information systems investigations of Otofure and Ikhueniro Dumpsites: a case study from Edo State, South-South, Nigeria

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Abstract

Geoelectrical resistivity imaging (GRI) and geographical information systems (GIS) were integrated in this study to investigate leachate plumes generation, migration, and possible contamination of near-surface aquifers around Otofure and Ikhueniro dumpsite areas. 2D GRI reveals four and five resistivity structures in Ikhueniro and Otofure sites respectively which are leachate plume, sandy, clay, clayey sand, and sand. Leachate resistivity and its depth of occurrence vary from 5.85–18.4 Ωm and 1.25–12.4 m in Otofure, while 1.2–15.9 Ωm and 2.5–31.9 m in Ikhueniro. 3D inverse GRI reveals that the leachate resistivity ranges from 5–15 Ωm and 5–13 Ωm and the depth of the leachate varied from 0–10 m and 0–40 m in Otofure and Ikhueniro respectively. The Ikhueniro dumpsite appears to be more impacted in terms of leachate generation and have migrated deep into the subsurface. The GIS shows that the Ikhueniro site has been active and has gone through lateral growth from the year 2015 to 2020 and consequently, generated and migrated leachate to the subsurface which is not same for the Otofure dumpsite. Hydrophysico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, total hardness, total dissolved solids, total solid, alkalinity, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, chloride, and metals like Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cr, in borehole water of study areas were above those obtained from respective control sites with that from Ikhueniro being more elevated. Most of the parameters are still within the WHO standard for potable water. Soil analyses show a similar trend with the water analysis results. In all, this study has shown the possibility of groundwater impact and vulnerability by leachate generation and migration, especially in the Ikhueniro dumpsite area.

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Data Availability

The full data generated from this study which supports the findings can be made available upon formal request addressed to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere thanks and gratitude to the Head of Department, Prof. Alile Monday for his encouragement. We are also very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for critically reviewing the original manuscript and for giving relevant suggestions to improve the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

    Oboshenure Kingsley Karo

  2. Department of Physics, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

    Alile Monday Owens

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  1. Oboshenure Kingsley Karo
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Correspondence to Oboshenure Kingsley Karo.

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Kingsley Karo, O., Monday Owens, A. Electrical resistivity imaging and geographical information systems investigations of Otofure and Ikhueniro Dumpsites: a case study from Edo State, South-South, Nigeria. Arab J Geosci 16, 321 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11404-2

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