Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Multi-loop pipe freezing optimization of deep shaft considering seepage effect

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The delay of the closure of frozen wall occurs frequently due to the excessive groundwater seepage in the construction of deep shaft using artificial freezing technology. The same problem also appears in the freezing construction of new westerly shaft in Pansan Coal Mine of Huainan, whose located stratum suffers from the groundwater seepage of 7.96 m/d. Obviously, the original three-loop pipe freezing scheme under the static water condition is not applicable; it must be optimized to meet the construction requirements. Therefore, the evolution law of temperature field of deep shaft freezing wall under different groundwater seepage velocities was studied based on the coupled equations of temperature and seepage field using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element program. Finally, the optimal freezing scheme of new westerly shaft was proposed and applied to practical engineering. Compared with the original freezing scheme, the optimized freezing scheme shortened the closure time of freezing wall and increased the effective thickness of freezing wall, which ensured the safety of deep shaft construction and produced good social benefit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

T :

Soil temperature (°C)

t :

Freezing time (d)

C * :

Equivalent volume specific heat (kJ/(m3·°C))

k * :

Equivalent thermal conductivity (W/(m·°C))

C f :

Volumetric heat capacity of frozen soil (kJ/(m3·°C))

C u :

Volumetric heat capacity of unfrozen soil (kJ/(m3·°C))

C w :

Volumetric heat capacity of water (kJ/(m3·°C))

ρ f :

Density of frozen soil (kg/m3)

ρ u :

Density of unfrozen soil (kg/m3)

ρ w :

Density of water (kg/m3)

c f :

Mass specific heat of frozen soil (kJ/(kg·°C))

c u :

Mass specific heat of unfrozen soil (kJ/(kg·°C))

k f :

Thermal conductivity of frozen soil (kJ/(m·d·°C))

k u :

Thermal conductivity of unfrozen soil (kJ/(m·d·°C))

T d :

Freezing temperature (°C)

T r :

Thawing temperature (°C)

L :

Latent heat (kJ/m3)

T 0 :

Initial temperature (°C)

(x p, y p):

Cartesian coordinates of freeze pipe

T c(t):

Surface temperature of freeze pipe (°C)

ρ l :

Density of fluid (kg/m3)

\(\overrightarrow{u}\) :

Relative velocity vector of water flow (m/d)

K :

Permeability coefficient

P :

Osmotic pressure

α l :

Expansion coefficients of water

α s :

Expansion coefficients of soil particle

Q m :

Source sink term of seepage field

K 0 :

Permeability coefficients of frozen zone

Kf :

Permeability coefficients of unfrozen zone

θ s :

Volume content of soil

θ w :

Volume content of water

θ i :

Volume content of ice

χ :

Unfrozen water content

C eff :

Equivalent volume heat capacity

λ eff :

Effective thermal conductivity

Q 1 :

Convective heat

Q H :

Phase change heat

Q G :

Source sink term of temperature field

ε :

Initial porosity of soil

Re :

Reynolds number

v :

Seepage velocity (m/d)

d 10 :

Effective particle size of soil

η :

Dynamic viscosity coefficient (m2/s)

References

  • Alzoubi MA, Madiseh A, Hassani FP, Sasmito AP (2019) Heat transfer analysis in artificial ground freezing under high seepage: validation and heatlines visualization. Int J Therm Sci 139:232–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.02.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burak E (2021) Comparison of individual and sequential copper piping systems in an experimental artificial ground freezing model. Arab J Geosci 14(11):926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07305-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Cai HB (2007) Multi-target gray situation decision-making for project determination of shaft freezing in deep alluvium. Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Natural Science). (3): 22–25. CNKI:SUN:HLGB.0.2007–03–004

  • Guo YF, Chen ZH (2005) Prevention and treatment of freezing accident in Huafeng main shaft. National Conference on mine construction, Urumqi, China

  • Hu J, Yong L, Li Y, Kai Y (2018) Artificial ground freezing in tunnelling through aquifer soil layers: a case study in Nanjing metro line 2. KSCE J Civ Eng 22(2009):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0049-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia CG (2012) Key problems on shaft lining structure design of freeze sinking method. Shanxi Coking Coal Science & Technology. 36(7):13–15+19. CNKI:SUN:XSKJ.0.2012–07–002

  • Li GZ (2017) China mine shaft sinking theory and technology summary with ground freezing method. Mine Construction Technology 38(4):1–10. https://doi.org/10.19458/j.cnki.cn11-2456/td.2017.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li ZQ, Xiong J (2001) Cause analysis and treatment of freezing wall difficult to form. National Conference on mine construction, Taian, China

  • Li GX (2004) Advanced soil mechanics. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheng TB (2019) Research and application on freezing pressure of extra thick clay layer. Journal of China Coal Society 35(4):571–574. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2010.04.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitel M, Rouabhi A, Tijani M, Guérin F (2016) Modeling heat and mass transfer during ground freezing subjected to high seepage velocities. Comput Geotech 73:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.11.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Rong CX, Cheng H, Cai HB, Dong YB, Yang F (2020) Temporal and spatial evolution of temperature field of single freezing pipe in large velocity infiltration configuration. Cold Reg Sci Technol 175:103080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Rong CX, Lin J, Cheng H, Cai HB (2019a) Study on the formation law of the freezing temperature field of freezing shaft sinking under the action of large-flow-rate groundwater. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2019:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1670820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Lin B, Hou HJ, Long Y (2019) Study on influence of freezing tubes layout on development law of temperature field of freezing wall. Coal Science and Technology 47(12):38–44. https://doi.org/10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2019.12.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang RH, Wang W (2003) Analysis for features of the freezing temperature field under deflective pipes. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. (6): 658–661. CNKI:SUN:YTGC.0.2003–06–002

  • Wang SL, Hu B, An XH (2008) Monitoring for sidewall safety in deep alluvium freezing shaft sinking engineering. Coal Technology. (5):100–102. CNKI:SUN:MTJS.0.2008–05–056

  • Wang YS, Yang WH, Ren YL (2005) Numerical back analysis and simulation of temperature field for shaft sinking with artificial ground freezing method. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology. (5):626–629. CNKI:SUN:ZGKD.0.2005–05–017

  • Wang ZJ, Shi CJ, Nie XY, Cao XW (2009) Analysis of the influence of groundwater flow on freezing effect. China Sciencepaper 8:11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei JS, Duan BK (1999) Freezing analysis of Tertiary strata in the shaft of barapkulia coal mine in Bangladesh. Mine Construction Technol 20(5):32–34. https://doi.org/10.19458/j.cnki.cn11-2456/td.1999.05.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu T, Zhou X, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu Y (2021) Theory and technology of real-time temperature field monitoring of vertical shaft frozen wall under high-velocity groundwater conditions. Cold Reg Sci Technol 189(2):103337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu LX, Cai HB, Cao GY, Cheng H (2019) Numerical simulation of formation law of frozen wall in deep shaft in cretaceous stratum. Coal Technol 38(3):20–23. https://doi.org/10.13301/j.cnki.ct.2019.03.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Rong CX (2014) Numerical simulation of deep temperature field in freeze sinking method and its analysis. Anhui Architecture 20(1):78–80. https://doi.org/10.16330/j.cnki.1007-7359.2014.01.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye YX, Shi HW, Yang MH (2013) Analysis and treatment of unjoint circle of auxiliary shaft of a Yili Mining area. Mining Engineering. 11(6): 20–21. CNKI:SUN:GWKS.0.2013–06–007

  • Yka B, Cha B, Kl C, Bl A, Hsa B (2020) Evolution of temperature field and frozen wall in sandy cobble stratum using ln 2 freezing method. Appl Therm Engi 185:116334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng K (2018) Research on optimization of freezing scheme of deep shaft multi-circular tubes under groundwater seepage condition. Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhan ZX, Cui ZD, Yang P, Zhang T (2020) In situ monitoring of temperature and deformation fields of a tunnel cross passage in Changzhou Metro constructed by AGF. Arab J Geosci 13(8):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05285-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou XW (2006) New progress of mine construction project: the collection of 2006 National Mine Construction Academic Conference. China University of mining and Technology Press, Xuzhou, China

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51778004), Research Activities Funding for Reserve Candidate of Academic and Technical Leaders of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 2018H170), and Academic Funding for Top-notch Talents in University Disciplines (Majors) of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. gxbjZD10).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China

    Haibing Cai, Fangxing Yao, Rongbao Hong & Kun Zeng

  2. School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China

    Jian Lin

Authors
  1. Haibing Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fangxing Yao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rongbao Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jian Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kun Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rongbao Hong.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Murat Karakus.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cai, H., Yao, F., Hong, R. et al. Multi-loop pipe freezing optimization of deep shaft considering seepage effect. Arab J Geosci 15, 153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09447-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09447-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation