Abstract
Underground structures are currently widely used and are built as urbanism develops. The interactions between perpendicularly crossing and parallel tunnels in the Tehran region are investigated by using a full three-dimensional (3D) finite difference analysis with elastic-plastic material models. Special attention is paid to the effect of subsequent tunneling on the support system, i.e., the shotcrete lining and rock bolts of the existing tunnel. Eventually, as the tunnels are excavated at certain levels, the interaction between the tunnels will certainly have a significant influence on both stress distribution and consequently deformations. Since multilayer tunneling is a three-dimensional phenomenon in nature, 3D numerical solutions must be utilized for analyzing effect of perpendicularly crossing tunnels at various levels. As Tohid twin tunnels and Line 7 pass beneath the Line 4 metro tunnel, changes in stress distribution, deformations, and surface settlements are studied for various conditions and the results are presented in this paper. Consequently, it is shown that there is a significant interaction between tunnels that necessitate certain preventive measures to maintain a stable tunneling operation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Addenbrooke TI, Potts DM (2001) Twin tunnel interaction: surface and subsurface effects. Int J Geomec 1(2):249–271
Chakeri H, Hasanpour R, Hindistan MA, Unver B (2010) Interaction analysis between tunnels in soft ground by 3D numerical modeling. B Eng Geol Environ 70(3):439–448
Chakeri H, Ozcelik Y, Unver B (2013) Effects of important factors on surface settlement prediction for metro tunnel excavated by EPB. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 36:14–23
Ercelebi SG, Copur H, Ocak I (2011) Surface settlement predictions for Istanbul metro tunnels excavated by EPB-TBM. Environ Earth Sci 62(2):357–365
Hage CF, Shahrour I (2008) Numerical analysis of the interaction between twin-tunnels: influence of the relative position and construction procedure. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 2(2):210–214
Itasca Consulting Group Inc. FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions) Version 2.10–224
Karakus M, Ozsan A, Basarir H (2007) Finite element analysis for the twin metro tunnel constructed in Ankara Clay-Turkey. B Eng Geol Environ 66:71–79
Kawata T, Ohtsuka M (1993) Observational construction of large scaled twin road tunnels with minimum interval. Infrastructures Souterraines de Transports, Balkema, Rotterdam
Kim SH, Burd HJ, Milligan GWE (1998) Model testing of closely spaced tunnels in clay. Geotechnique 48(3):375–388
Lazzari M, Geraldi E, Lapenna V, Loperte A (2006) Natural hazards vs human impact: an integrated methodological approach in geomorphological risk assessing on Tursi historical site, southern Italy. Landslides 3(4):275–287
Lazzari M, Loperte A, Perrone A (2010) Near surface geophysics techniques and geomorphological approach to reconstruct the hazard cave map in historical and urban areas. Adv Geosci 24:35–44
Lee KM, Ng CWW, Tang DKW (2004) Three-dimensional numerical investigations of new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) twin tunnel interactions. Can Geotech J 41:523–539
Liu HY, Small JC, Carter JP, Williams DJ (2009) Effects of tunnelling on existing support systems of perpendicularly crossing tunnels. Comput Geotech 36:880–894
Mroueh H, Shahrour I (2002) Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the interaction between tunneling and pile foundations. Int J Numer Anal Met 26(3):217–230
Perri G (1994) Analysis of the effects of the new twin-tunnels excavation very close to a big diameter tunnel of Caracas Subway. In: Salam A (ed) Tunnelling and ground conditions. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 523–530
Safari HO, Pirasteh S, Pradhan B, Amid H (2013) Geohazards analysis of Pisa tunnel in a fractured incompetent rocks in Zagros Mountains, Iran. J Arab Geosci 6:1101–1112
Saitoh A, Gomi K, Shiraishi T (1994) Influence forecast and field measurement of a tunnel excavation crossing right above existing tunnels. In: Salam A (ed) Tunnelling and ground conditions. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 83–90
Shahrour I, Mroueh H (1997) Three-dimensional non linear analysis of a closely twin tunnels. Sixth international symposium on numerical models in geomechanics (NUMOG VI), Vol. 2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 481-487.
Soliman E, Duddeck H, Ahrens H (1993) Two and three-dimensional analysis of closely spaced double-tube tunnels. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 8(1):13–18
Suwansawat S, Einstein HH (2006) Artificial neural networks for predicting the maximum surface settlement caused by EPB shield tunneling. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 21(2):133–150
Verma AK, Singh TN (2010) Assessment of tunnel instability—a numerical approach. J Arab Geosci 3(2):181–192
Yamaguchi I, Yamazaki I, Kiritani K (1998) Study of ground–tunnel interactions of four shield tunnels driven in close proximity, in relation to design and constructions of parallel shield tunnels. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 13(3):289–304
Yasitli NE (2013) Numerical modeling of surface settlements at the transition zone excavated by New Austrian Tunneling Method and Umbrella Arch Method in weak rock. J Arab Geosci 6(7):2699–2708
ZAFA (2007) Zamin fanavaran Consulting Engineer, Geotechnical investigations, Final report
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Talebinejad, A., Chakeri, H., Moosavi, M. et al. Investigation of surface and subsurface displacements due to multiple tunnels excavation in urban area. Arab J Geosci 7, 3913–3923 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-013-1056-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-013-1056-5