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Combinatorial impacts of elevated CO2 and temperature affect growth, development, and fruit yield in Capsicum chinense Jacq

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Abstract

Hot chilli (‘Bhut Jolokia’) (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is the hottest chilli widely grown in the North-Eastern region of India for its high pungency. However, little information is available on its physiology, growth and developmental parameters including yield. Therefore, the present research was undertaken to study the physiological responses of Bhut Jolokia under elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature. Two germplasms from two different agro-climatic zones (Assam and Manipur) within the North-East region of India were collected based on the pungency. The present study explored the interactive effect of eCO2 [at 380, 550, 750 ppm (parts per million)] and temperature (at ambient, > 2 °C above ambient, and > 4 °C above ambient) on various physiological processes, and expression of some photosynthesis and capsaicin related genes in both the germplasms. Results revealed an increase (> 1–2 fold) in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), carbohydrate content, and C: N ratio in ‘Bhut Jolokia’ under eCO2 and elevated temperature regimes compared to ambient conditions within the germplasms. Gene expression studies revealed an up-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes such as CsRuBPC2 (Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase 2) and CsSPS (Sucrose phosphate synthase) which, explained the higher Pn under eCO2 and temperature conditions. Both the germplasm showed better performance under CTGT-II (Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel having 550 ppm CO2 and temperature of 2 °C above ambient) in terms of various physiological parameters and up-regulation of key photosynthesis-related genes. An up-regulation of the Cs capsaicin synthase gene was also evident in the study, which could be due to the metabolite readjustment in ‘Bhut Jolokia’. In addition, the cultivar from Manipur (cv. 1) had less fruit drop compared to the cultivar from Assam (cv. 2) in CTGT II. The data indicated that 550 ppm of eCO2 and temperature elevation of > 2 °C above the ambient with CTGT-II favored the growth and development of ‘Bhut Jolokia’. Thus, results suggest that Bhut Jolokia grown under the elevation of CO2 up to 550 ppm and temperature above 2 °C than ambient may support the growth, development, and yield.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Directorate of Post Graduate Studies (DPGS), Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India, and Technology Mission (MM-I) for providing financial support in conducting this Ph D. research work of SD. We are also grateful to the National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project for providing the Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel facility which was required for experimentation.

Funding

This work was supported by DPGS, AAU, JORHAT and National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project provided the Carbon dioxide Temperature Gradient Tunnel facility which was required for experimentation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Physiology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India

    Sangita Das, Prakash Kalita & Ranjan Das

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India

    Sumita Acharjee

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India

    Arun Jyoti Nath

  4. Department of Soil Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India

    Bhabesh Gogoi

  5. Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India

    Sikander Pal

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SD performed experiments and analyzed data with the guidance from RD. SA helped to do semi quantative RT-PCR in her laboratory. SD and SA co-wrote the manuscript. RD obtained grants for this research work. SK, SP, PK and AJN wrote and reviewed the manuscript.

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Das, S., Kalita, P., Acharjee, S. et al. Combinatorial impacts of elevated CO2 and temperature affect growth, development, and fruit yield in Capsicum chinense Jacq. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 29, 393–407 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-023-01294-9

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