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Identification and characterization of drought-tolerant local pigmented rice from Indonesia

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Abstract

Water is essential to support life. Because limited water availability may affect their life cycles, plants have developed multiple responses to drought stress. Plant physiological and metabolic changes during drought may reflect changes that occur at the level of gene expression. In this study, we investigated the variation in drought-mitigating strategies employed by pigmented rice (Oryza sativa) varieties and the genes involved in their possible drought tolerance. We screened 21 local pigmented rice cultivars from Indonesia for increased drought tolerance using the fraction transpirable soil water method to exert precise control of the drought stress imposed on plants. We then determined the expression of OsDREB1A, OsNAC6, OsNHX1, OsCuZnSOD2, OsOSCAT2, and OsCAT3 in plants grown under well-watered conditions and under moderate or severe drought stress. Among the pigmented rice cultivars, Merah Pari Eja had the greatest drought tolerance, while the red rice Inpari 24 had the highest mortality rate (60%). We also included the white rice cultivar Putih Payo, which is fully sensitive to drought (with 100% mortality under the conditions used) as a negative control. Gene expression profiling revealed a general upregulation of drought-related genes in Merah Pari Eja and a downregulation of such genes in the other two cultivars. Measurements of antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf damage, free radicals, chlorophyll, and anthocyanin contents provided further evidence that Merah Pari Eja is more drought tolerant than the other two cultivars. We conclude that OsDREB1A, OsNAC6, OsNHX1, OsCuZnSOD2, OsOSCAT2 and OsCAT3 expression patterns can reveal plants that have increased drought tolerance.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partly supported by the Global Collaboration Program FY2019-2021 from NAIST to NY and YAP.

Funding

This research was funded by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia, by a Universities Leading Research Project 2018 grant to YAP (Contract No. 140/UN1/DITLIT/DIT-LIT/LT/2018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Alfino Sebastian, Ilham Cahyo Nugroho, Herdin Surya Dwi Putra, Tri Rini Nuringtyas & Yekti Asih Purwestri

  2. Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Alfino Sebastian, Febri Adi Susanto, Putri Wijayanti, Tri Rini Nuringtyas & Yekti Asih Purwestri

  3. Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan

    Nobutoshi Yamaguchi

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  1. Alfino Sebastian
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Contributions

AS, ICN, HSDP and PW carried out the research and analyzed the data. AS, FAS, NY, TRN, and YAP interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yekti Asih Purwestri.

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Sebastian, A., Nugroho, I.C., Putra, H.S.D. et al. Identification and characterization of drought-tolerant local pigmented rice from Indonesia. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 28, 1061–1075 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01185-5

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