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Meta-QTLs, ortho-MQTLs and candidate genes for nitrogen use efficiency and root system architecture in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

In wheat, meta-QTLs (MQTLs), ortho-MQTLs, and candidate genes (CGs) were identified for nitrogen use efficiency and root system architecture. For this purpose, 1788 QTLs were available from 24 studies published during 2006–2020. Of these, 1098 QTLs were projected onto the consensus map resulting in 118 MQTLs. The average confidence interval (CI) of MQTLs was reduced up to 8.56 folds in comparison to the average CI of QTLs. Of the 118 MQTLs, 112 were anchored to the physical map of the wheat reference genome. The physical interval of MQTLs ranged from 0.02 to 666.18 Mb with a mean of 94.36 Mb. Eighty-eight of these 112 MQTLs were verified by marker-trait associations (MTAs) identified in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS); the MQTLs that were verified using GWAS also included 9 most robust MQTLs, which are particularly useful for breeders; we call them ‘Breeder’s QTLs’. Some selected wheat MQTLs were further utilized for the identification of ortho-MQTLs for wheat and maize; 9 such ortho-MQTLs were available. As many as 1991 candidate genes (CGs) were also detected, which included 930 CGs with an expression level of > 2 transcripts per million in relevant organs/tissues. Among the CGs, 97 CGs with functions previously reported as important for the traits under study were selected. Based on homology analysis and expression patterns, 49 orthologues of 35 rice genes were also identified in MQTL regions. The results of the present study may prove useful for the improvement of selection strategy for yield potential, stability, and performance under N-limiting conditions.

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Data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its Supplementary Material).

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Acknowledgements

The Department of Science and Technology (DST) in New Delhi, India, provided DKS with an INSPIRE fellowship, while the Head, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana, India, provided the essential facilities.

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  1. Yuvraj Chopra

    Present address: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    Dinesh Kumar Saini & Puja Srivastava

  2. College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    Yuvraj Chopra & Amneek Chahal

  3. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India

    Neeraj Pal

  4. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India

    Pushpendra Kumar Gupta

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PKG and PS conceived and planned the study. DKS, YC, NP and AC collected the literature and tabulated the data for meta-QTL analysis. DKS conducted the analysis. DKS and YC interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript. PKG and PS edited and finalized the manuscript with the help of DKS.

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Correspondence to Pushpendra Kumar Gupta.

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Saini, D.K., Chopra, Y., Pal, N. et al. Meta-QTLs, ortho-MQTLs and candidate genes for nitrogen use efficiency and root system architecture in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 27, 2245–2267 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-01085-0

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