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Evolution of the Raman spectrum of graphene grown on copper upon oxidation of the substrate

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Abstract

Significant changes in the Raman spectrum of single-layer graphene grown on a copper film were observed after the spontaneous oxidation of the underlying substrate that occurred under ambient conditions. The frequencies of the graphene G and 2D Raman modes were found to undergo red shifts, while the intensities of the two bands change by more than an order of magnitude. To understand the origin of these effects, we further characterized the samples by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The oxidation of the substrate produced an appreciable corrugation in the substrate without disrupting the crystalline order of the graphene overlayer and/or changing the carrier doping level. We explain the red shifts of the Raman frequencies in terms of tensile strain induced by corrugation of the graphene layer. The changes in Raman intensity with oxidation arise from the influence of the thin cuprous oxide film on the efficiency of light coupling with the graphene layer in the Raman scattering process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Xiuli Yin, Fen Ke, Chenfang Lin, Huabo Zhao, Ruguang Zhao & Zonghai Hu

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Matter, Beijing, China

    Zonghai Hu

  3. Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA

    Yilei Li & Tony F. Heinz

  4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

    Lin Gan & Zhengtang Luo

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  1. Xiuli Yin
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  3. Fen Ke
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  6. Lin Gan
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  8. Ruguang Zhao
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  9. Tony F. Heinz
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  10. Zonghai Hu
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Correspondence to Tony F. Heinz or Zonghai Hu.

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These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Yin, X., Li, Y., Ke, F. et al. Evolution of the Raman spectrum of graphene grown on copper upon oxidation of the substrate. Nano Res. 7, 1613–1622 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0521-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0521-0

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