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Mitochondrial Regulation of Macrophages in Innate Immunity and Diverse Roles of Macrophages During Cochlear Inflammation

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Abstract

Macrophages are essential components of the innate immune system and constitute a non-specific first line of host defense against pathogens and inflammation. Mitochondria regulate macrophage activation and innate immune responses in various inflammatory diseases, including cochlear inflammation. The distribution, number, and morphological characteristics of cochlear macrophages change significantly across different inner ear regions under various pathological conditions, including noise exposure, ototoxicity, and age-related degeneration. However, the exact mechanism underlying the role of mitochondria in macrophages in auditory function remains unclear. Here, we summarize the major factors and mitochondrial signaling pathways (e.g., metabolism, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA, and the inflammasome) that influence macrophage activation in the innate immune response. In particular, we focus on the properties of cochlear macrophages, activated signaling pathways, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines after acoustic injury. We hope this review will provide new perspectives and a basis for future research on cochlear inflammation.

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Acknowledgements

This review was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M712892) and the Joint project Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Project (LHGJ20210297).

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Author notes

  1. Yuan Zhang, Fanglei Ye, and Xiaolong Fu contributed equally to this review.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Yuan Zhang, Fanglei Ye, Le Wang, Hongmin Li, Shaojuan Hao & Kun Zhao

  2. Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China

    Xiaolong Fu

  3. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Shen Li

  4. The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Yutian Chen

  5. Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Qi Feng & Peipei Li

  6. Henan Province Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Qi Feng & Peipei Li

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  1. Yuan Zhang
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Zhang, Y., Ye, F., Fu, X. et al. Mitochondrial Regulation of Macrophages in Innate Immunity and Diverse Roles of Macrophages During Cochlear Inflammation. Neurosci. Bull. 40, 255–267 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-023-01085-y

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