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Assessment of Habitat Suitability for Common Cockles in the Ria the Aveiro Lagoon Under Average and Projected Environmental Conditions

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Abstract

The common cockle Cerastoderma edule is a widespread bivalve species inhabiting estuarine systems across the North East Atlantic, where it provides several ecosystem services, and represents a valuable fishery resource for local economies. However, anthropogenic pressure and more frequent extreme weather events threaten the resilience of the species. Spatially explicit information on species distribution is critical for the implementation of management and conservation practices. This study assessed the potential distribution of C. edule in the Ria de Aveiro by estimating the habitat suitability using an ensemble approach based on ecological niche modeling and recently developed hydrodynamic and water quality models to forecast both average and projected estuarine conditions. The models were developed for the summer of 2013 and spring of 2019 and potential range shifts in the species distribution were forecasted under projected environmental conditions: high and low estimates of freshwater discharge, a 2 °C increase in water temperature, and the combined effect of low freshwater discharge and increased water temperature. The results suggest that salinity, time of submersion, and current velocity play an important role in the distribution of cockles, and large areas were consistently classified with high habitat suitability. Increased freshwater discharge (both seasons) and low discharge coupled to increased temperature (spring) resulted in large decreases in suitable habitat. Conversely, low freshwater discharges and average (unchanged) temperatures increased the suitable habitat in the outermost regions of the Ria. The spatially explicit information provided contributes to a better understanding of the vulnerability of C. edule in the Ria de Aveiro to extreme weather events (e.g., droughts, river floods) and may support adaptive management strategies of the cockle fishery during these conditions. Moreover, this approach can be transferred to other estuarine ecosystems for which data describing the environmental conditions (e.g., derived from numerical models), and information about species presence are available (including data-poor species).

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Anthony Peter Moreira for correcting the English and to anonymous reviewers for pertinent suggestions to improve the manuscript.

Funding

This work was performed in the scope of the project COACH (cooperative approach applied to conservation and management of cockles), supported by the Ocean Conservation FUND, from Oceanário de Lisboa and Oceano Azul Foundation. Thanks are also due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020) through national funds. Luísa Magalhães benefited from a research position funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020-POCI and by national funds through FCT/MCTES (POCI-01–0145-FEDER-028425) under the project BISPECIAl (PTDC/CTA-AMB/28425/2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Fábio L. Matos & Luísa Magalhães

  2. Department of Physics & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Nuno Vaz, Ana Picado & João M. Dias

  3. Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Avenida Doutor David Cristo s/n, 3800-366, Aveiro, Portugal

    Francisco Maia

  4. Centro de Olhão, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-335, Olhão, Portugal

    Miguel B. Gaspar

  5. Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus Universitário de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Miguel B. Gaspar

Authors
  1. Fábio L. Matos
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  2. Nuno Vaz
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  3. Ana Picado
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  4. João M. Dias
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  5. Francisco Maia
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  6. Miguel B. Gaspar
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  7. Luísa Magalhães
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fábio L. Matos.

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Communicated by Mark J. Brush

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Matos, F.L., Vaz, N., Picado, A. et al. Assessment of Habitat Suitability for Common Cockles in the Ria the Aveiro Lagoon Under Average and Projected Environmental Conditions. Estuaries and Coasts 46, 512–525 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01136-z

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