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Large-Scale Evaluation of Potato Improved Varieties, Genetic Stocks and Landraces for Drought Tolerance

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Abstract

Potato production worldwide is strongly affected by water stress, either because of insufficient rainfall or due to inadequate irrigation. Improving drought tolerance is consequently becoming a priority for potato breeders, particularly in the perspective of climate change. In the present study, a set of 918 accessions from CIP world potato collection was evaluated under field conditions with full irrigation and deficit irrigation, on the desertic coast of Peru. The set included improved varieties, genetic stocks and landraces. The subset of landraces comprised accessions from the species Solanum ajanhuiri Juz. & Bukasov, Solanum curtilobum Juz. & Bukasov, Solanum juzepczukii Bukasov and Solanum tuberosum L. S. tuberosum L. included non Andean accessions of the ssp. Chilotanum as well as accessions belonging to the Andean cultivar groups Andigenum, Chaucha, Goniocalyx, Phureja and Stenotomum. Under both drought and irrigated treatments, significant differences were found for tuber yield, tuber number and tuber weight among subsets, cultivar groups and accessions. On average, improved varieties and advanced bred lines yielded more under both deficit and well-irrigated conditions than did landraces, while variation for drought susceptibility was greater in landraces and genetic stocks than in improved varieties. Within the subset of landraces, the species Solanum juzepczukii Bukasov exhibited the lowest average values and highest variation for drought susceptibility. A high proportion of accessions combining low drought susceptibility and high irrigated yield were found in Andean landraces, and particularly in the species Solanum curtilobum Juz. & Bukasov in the S. tuberosum L. cultivar groups Stenotomum, Andigenum and Chaucha. The differences observed among species and cultivar groups were not directly related to their eco-geographic distribution. The polyploid species and cultivars groups appeared more drought tolerant than the diploid ones. The study evidenced the interest of Andean landraces as potential sources of drought tolerance in potato breeding programs.

Resumen

La producción de papa en el mundo es fuertemente afectada por el estrés hídrico debido a la falta de precipitación o a irrigación inadecuada. Mejorar la tolerancia a sequía es, por lo tanto, una meta prioritaria para los mejoradores de papa, particularmente en la perspectiva del cambio climático. En el presente estudio, un total de 918 accesiones de papa del Banco de Germoplasma del CIP fue evaluado bajo riego completo y riego limitado, en las condiciones desérticas de la costa del Perú. La colección incluyó variedades mejoradas, genotipos de pre-mejoramiento y cultivares locales. El subconjunto de cultivares locales comprendió accesiones de las especies Solanum ajanhuiri Juz. & Bukasov, Solanum curtilobum Juz. & Bukasov, Solanum juzepczukii Bukasov and Solanum tuberosum L. S. tuberosum L. incluyo accessiones no andinas de la ssp. chilotanum y accessiones de los grupos de cultivares andinos andigenum, chaucha, goniocalyx, phureja y stenotomum. En condiciones de riego y de sequia se encontraron diferencias significativas para rendimiento, número y peso de tubérculos entre subconjuntos, grupos de cultivares y accesiones. En general, las variedades mejoradas tuvieron mayor rendimiento bajo condiciones de sequía y de riego, mientras la variación para susceptibilidad a sequía fue más amplia en cultivares locales que en genotipos de pre-mejoramiento y variedades mejoradas. En el grupo de cultivares locales, la especie Solanum juzepczukii Bukasov presentó mas amplia variación y menores valores medias para susceptibilidad a sequía. Una alta proporción de accesiones combinando bajo índice de susceptibilidad a sequía y alto rendimiento bajo riego fue encontrada en cultivares locales andinos, particularmente en la especie Solanum curtilobum Juz. & Bukasov y en los grupos de cultivares de S. tuberosum stenotomum, andigenum y chaucha. Las diferencias observadas entre especies y grupos de cultivares no dependieron de su distribución geográfica. Las especies y los grupos de cultivares poliploides monstraron mejor tolerancia a sequia que los diploides. El estudio puso en evidencia el interés de los cultivares locales andinos como fuentes potenciales de tolerancia a sequia en los programas de mejoramiento de papa.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to the technical staff of CIP who participated in the conduct of trial and measurement of traits, and to Cecilia Ferreyra (CIP Library) for contributing in the bibliographic survey. The authors acknowledge Dr. R. Quiroz (CIP) for revising the manuscript.

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Cabello, R., De Mendiburu, F., Bonierbale, M. et al. Large-Scale Evaluation of Potato Improved Varieties, Genetic Stocks and Landraces for Drought Tolerance. Am. J. Pot Res 89, 400–410 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9260-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9260-5

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