Abstract
Common bean seed lots collected from different seed dealers and Malawii agriculture station were screened for the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. In the laboratory the pathogen was isolated following the routine laboratory assay method, i.e. direct plating method using yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate agar medium (YDC). Yellow, convex, mucoid colonies of Xanthomonas were consistently isolated on YDC from seed samples. The presumptive pathogen was confirmed by isolation on semiselective medium, such as mTBM and MD5A. Further, the pathogen was confirmed by biochemical, physiological and, finally, the pathogenicity tests. Five samples out of seven were positive for Xanthomonas. The isolates were found to cause common blight of 3-week-old common bean plants by 7 d after inoculation. Bacteria with the same characteristics as those inoculated were re-isolated from the infected plants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abd-Alla M.H., Bashandy S.R.: Bacterial wilt and spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum in Egypt. World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.24, 291–292 (2008).
Asma M.: Proposal for a new method for detecting Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae on carrot seeds. ISTA Method Validation Reports2, 1–17 (2005).
Bradbury J.F.: Isolation and preliminary study of bacteria from plants. Rev.Plant Pathol.49, 213–218 (1970).
Broughtonw. J., Hernández G., Blair M., Beebe S., Gepts P., Vanderleyden J.: Beans (Phaseolus spp.) — model food legumes. Plant & Soil25, 128–155 (2003).
Coyne D.P., Steadman J.R., Godoy-Lutz G., Gilbertson R., Arnaud-Santana E., Beaver J.S., Myers J.R: Contribution of bean/cowpea CRSP to management of bean diseases. Field Crop Res.82, 155–168 (2003).
Darrasse A., Bureau C., Samson R., Morris C.E., Jacques M.-A.: Contamination of bean seeds by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli associated with low bacterial densities in the phyllosphere under field and greenhouse conditions. Eur.J.Plant.Pathol.119, 203–215 (2007).
Darsonval A., Darrasse A., Meyer D., Demarty M., Durand K., Bureau C., Manceau C., Jacques M.-A.: Type III secretion system of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans is involved in phyllosphere colonization process and in transmission to seeds of susceptible bean. Appl.Environ.Microbiol.doi:10.1128/AEM.02906-07 (2008).
Dow J.M., Crossman L., Findlay K., He Y.Q., Feng J.X., Tang J.L.: Biofilm dispersal in Xanthomonas campestris is controlled by cell-cell signaling and is required for full virulence to plants. Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA100, 10995–11000 (2003).
Dye D.W.: The inadequacy of the usual determinative tests for the identification of Xanthomonas spp. New Zealand J.Sci.5, 393–416 (1962).
Gent D.H, Lang J.M, Schwartz H.F: Epiphytic survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii and X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli on leguminous hosts and onion. Plant Dis.89, 558–564 (2005).
Hall R.: Compendium of Bean Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. Press, St.Paul (MN, USA) 1994.
International Seed Testing Association, ISTA Validated Method 7-021: Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans on Phaseolus vulgaris. Retrieved March 2007, from http://www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/ISTAValidatedMetho7-021_2007_14.11.2006.pdf (2007).
Jacques M.A., Josi K., Samson R., Darrasse A.: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans is aggregated in stable biofilm population sizes in the phyllosphere of field-grown beans. Appl.Environ.Microbiol.71, 2008–2015 (2005).
Karavina C., Chihiya J., Tigere T.A.: Detection and characterization of Xanthomonas phaseoli (E.F.SM) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds collected in Zimbabwe. J.Sustain.Develop.Africa10, 105–115 (2007).
Mitkowski N.A., Browning M., Basu C., Jordan K., Jackson N.: Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas translucens from annual bluegrass on golf course putting greens. Plant Dis.89, 469–473 (2005).
OEPP/EPPO: Data Sheets on Quarantine Organisms, nos 60 & 61: Xanthomonas phaseoli var. phaseoli and var. fuscans. Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 8(2), (1978).
Opio A.F., Teri J.M., Allen D.J.: Studies on seed transmission of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli in common beans in Uganda. African Crop Sci.J.1, 59–67 (1993).
Remeeus P.M., Sheppard J.W.: Proposal for a new method for detecting Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli on bean seeds. ISTA Method Validation Reports3, 1–11 (2006).
Saettler A.W.: Assessment of yield loss caused by common blight of beans in Uganda. Ann.Rep.Bean Improv.Coop.35, 113–114 (1989).
Saettler A.W., Schaad N.W., Froth D.A.: Detection of Bacteria in Seed and Other Planting Material. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. Press, St.Paul (MN, USA) 1995.
Schaad N.W.: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. Press, St. Paul (MN, USA) 1988.
Vauterin L., Hoste B., Kersters K., Swings J.: Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Internat. J.Syst.Bacteriol.45, 472–489 (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abd-Alla, M.H., Bashandy, S.R. & Schnell, S. Occurrence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, the causal agent of common bacterial blight disease, on seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in upper Egypt. Folia Microbiol 55, 47–52 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-010-0008-7
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-010-0008-7