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Recoil reduction design of gas-controlled side-jet gun based on bifurcated two-phase flow model

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Abstract

The high recoil force of a high-power gun produces a strong impact on the carrier, which severely limits the application of the high-power gun mounted on vehicles. A gas-controlled side-jet gun was designed to reduce the recoil force, and the gas-solid transient flow in the bifurcated tube of the gun was studied. First, a one-dimensional two-phase interior ballistics model was established considering the gas-solid coupling between the propellant gas and the valve in the front gas tube. Then, the propagation of the rarefaction wave in the barrel was studied, and the flow field distribution in the bifurcated tube was obtained. Finally, the mechanism of recoil reduction was analyzed. Results show that the bifurcated two-phase flow model can be used to accurately analyze the effect of the gas-controlled side-jet gun’s parameters on the projectile velocity and the recoil reduction efficiency. The projectile velocities of the gas-controlled side-jet gun and the traditional gun are 955.7 m/s and 960 m/s, respectively. The projectile velocity loss of the gas-controlled side-jet gun is less than 0.5 %. The recoil momentum of the traditional gun and the gas-controlled side-jet gun are 538.62 N·s and 336.68 N·s, respectively. The recoil momentum of the gas-controlled side-jet gun decreases by 37.49 %. Additionally, the single firing time of the gas-controlled side-jet gun (18.91 ms) is less than that of the traditional single-barrel gun (more than 60 ms). Therefore, the newly designed gas-controlled side-jet gun significantly reduces the recoil momentum without losing the projectile velocity and continuous firing mode.

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Abbreviations

A :

Cross-section area of the barrel

A f :

Cross-section area of the piston of the valve

c p :

Specific heat at constant pressure

e g :

Gas phase internal energy per unit mass in the barrel

e gr :

Gas phase internal energy per unit mass in the barrel at the barrel vent

e i :

Internal energy per unit mass of the gas phase flowing through the gas port

e p :

Solid phase internal energy per unit mass in the barrel

e pr :

Solid phase internal energy per unit mass in the barrel at the barrel vent

F 0 :

Spring preload

f s :

Interphase drag in the barrel

F v :

Friction force between the valve and the front gas tube

H :

Source term of the gas-solid flow in the barrel

H ign :

Enthalpy of the ignition powder

H t :

Source term of the gas-solid flow in the exhaust pipe

I o :

Recoil momentum of the traditional gun

I r :

Recoil momentum of the gas-controlled side-jet gun

J :

Gas-solid flow between the barrel and the front gas tube

K :

Gas-solid flow between the barrel and the exhaust pipe

k f :

Spring stiffness

L f :

Location of the gas port

m c :

Gas generation rate per unit volume of the solid propellant

m f :

Valve mass

m gb :

Mass flow rate per unit volume of the gas phase flowing through the gas port

m gr :

Mass flow rate per unit volume of the gas phase flowing through the barrel vent

m ign :

Gas generation rate per unit volume of the ignition powder

m pr :

Mass flow rate per unit volume of the solid phase flowing through the barrel vent

O2 :

Center position of the barrel vent

p :

Pressure in the barrel

p a :

Atmospheric pressure

p b :

Pressure of the gas phase flowing through the gas port

p d :

Pressure at the projectile base

p q :

Pressure in the front gas tube

p r :

Pressure in the barrel at the barrel vent

p td :

Pressure in the exhaust pipe at the barrel vent

q mb :

Mass flow rate of the gas flowing through the gas port

Q s :

Interphase heat transfer in the barrel

r :

Radius of barrel vent and the valve hole

R :

Gas constant of propellant gas

S b :

Cross-section area of the gas port

S t :

Cross-section area of conducting barrel vent

T b :

Gas temperature in the barrel at the gas port

T q :

Gas temperature in the front gas tube at the gas port

t s :

Setting time

u g :

Gas phase velocity in the barrel

u gb :

Velocity of the gas phase flowing through the gas port

u gr :

Velocity of the gas phase flowing through the barrel vent

u ign :

Velocity of the ignition powder

u p :

Solid phase velocity in the barrel

u pr :

Velocity of the solid phase flowing through the barrel vent

v f :

Valve velocity

V q0 :

Initial volume of the front gas tube

V r :

Volume of the conducting barrel vent

x 2 :

The x-direction distance from the initial center position of the valve hole to the intersection point of the valve hole and the barrel vent

x d :

Projectile displacement

x f :

Valve displacement

γ :

Specific heat ratio of the propellant gas

Δx 2 :

Element length near the projectile base

ζ :

Critical pressure ratio

η :

Recoil reduction efficiency

θ :

Velocity ratio of the solid phase to the gas phase

ρ g :

Gas phase density in the barrel

ρ gb :

Density of the gas phase flowing through the gas port

ρ gr :

Density of the gas phase flowing through the barrel vent

ρ p :

Solid phase density in the barrel

ρ q :

Propellant gas density in the front gas tube

τ p :

Intergranular stress of the propellant grains in the barrel

φ :

Porosity in the barrel

φ r :

Porosity at the barrel vent

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Acknowledgments

This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12072161, 51376090).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China

    Ming Qiu, Fei Guo, Jie Song, Zhenqiang Liao & Peng Si

  2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Global Institute of Software Technology, Suzhou, 215163, Jiangsu, China

    Zhenqiang Liao

Authors
  1. Ming Qiu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fei Guo.

Additional information

Ming Qiu received his Ph.D. degree in Engineering from Nanjing University of Science and Technology in Nanjing, China. He is currently a Professor at Department of Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology. His main subjects are nonlinear dynamics, gas dynamics of automatic weapons.

Fei Guo received his Ph.D. degree in 2021 from Southeast University. He is currently a Lecturer in School of Mechanical engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology. His research interests include nonlinear dynamics, dynamic properties of composites and reliability design optimization of composite structures.

Jie Song received his Ph.D. degree in 2017 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology. He is currently a Lecturer in School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology. His research interests include dynamic characteristics of beams, Structure-fluid interaction and vibration of pressure pipeline, rotor dynamics.

Zhenqiang Liao received his Ph.D. degree in Engineering from Nanjing University of Science and Technology in Nanjing, China. He is a Professor at Department of Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology. His main subjects are multi-body dynamics, vibration reduction for machine gun system and weapon structural optimization.

Peng Si is currently pursuing his Ph.D. degree in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Nanjing University of Science and Technology since 2021. His research interests include interior ballistics, multi-body dynamics, vibration reduction for machine gun system and weapon structural optimization.

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Qiu, M., Guo, F., Song, J. et al. Recoil reduction design of gas-controlled side-jet gun based on bifurcated two-phase flow model. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 1845–1857 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0323-y

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