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Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the temperature distribution within a large lithium-ion battery

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Abstract

A one-dimensional model of an electrochemical battery does not adequately simulate thermal runaway in a large battery; a three-dimensional model is required. Here, we combine a one-dimensional electrochemical cell with a two-dimensional resistor network to simulate thermal distribution in a lithium-ion battery. Based on electrode current density and the potential distribution, the temperature distribution, as a function of discharge time is predicted using two principal source equations for heat generation: one for the electrochemical reaction and the other for the current collector resistance. The model outputs were in good agreement with the experimental data of Kim et al. [1]. Our results provide an overview of temperature distribution, and also the discharge curves at varying discharge rates. Our findings can be used to optimize the design of large batteries and control their thermal characteristics.

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Abbreviations

c s :

Solid phase concentration

c :

Solution phase concentration

Φ S :

Solid phase potential

Φ L :

Solution phase potential

i n :

Reaction rate [A/cm2]

i 2 :

Solution phase current

i 0 :

Exchange current density [A/cm2]

α a, α c :

Apparent transfer coefficients at the anode and cathode

F :

Faraday’s constant [C/eq]

R :

Universal gas constant [J/mol.K]

k 0 :

Reaction rate constant

t 0+ , t 0− :

Cation and anion transference number

D +,D − :

Diffusion coefficients

q :

Heat generation rate

T :

Temperature [K]

E OC :

Open-circuit potential of the cell [V]

E :

Cell voltage [V]

i j :

Current at node j [A]

V :

Voltage across each node [V]

σ :

Solid phase conductivity

K:

Solution phase conductivity

a :

Active interfacial area per unit volume

v 0 :

Electrolyte velocity

r :

Radius of particle

R film :

Ohmic of REI layer

ε :

Volume fraction of electrolyte

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A1B03034881).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea

    Thien-Thanh Dao

  2. High Safety Vehicle Core Technology Research Center, Inje University, Gyeongnam, Gimhae-si, 50834, Korea

    Beomkeun Kim

Authors
  1. Thien-Thanh Dao
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  2. Beomkeun Kim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beomkeun Kim.

Additional information

Thien-Thanh Dao received the B.S. degree in Mechatronic Engineering from the Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam, in 2016, and the M.S degree in Mechanical Engineering from Inje University, South Korea, in 2019. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Computer Engineering from Pusan National University, South Korea. His research interests include mathematics, machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision.

Beomkeun Kim is currently a Professor of Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering at Inje University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degree in 1994 and 1998, respectively, both in Aeronautics and Astronautics, from Stanford University, USA. His research interests include thermal and structural analysis related to battery system and propulsion system.

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Dao, TT., Kim, B. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the temperature distribution within a large lithium-ion battery. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 825–833 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0125-2

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